Question:
Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in
different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Answer:
During 1921 and 1922 the NorvCooperation Movement gained impetus. Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges and lawyers gave up their practices. Many Indians surrendered their British titles and Legislatures were boycotted.
People publicly burnt foreign cloth. The NorvCooperation Movement was only a precedent to the large scale revolt against the British that was yet to come.
Slowly people from all walks of live pined in the movement for Swaraj. Some took the route of non-violence as advocated by Gandhiji, while others protested in their own way The Patidar peasants who belonged to Gujarat organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demanded by the British. In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were attacked and the tribals and poor peasants of Guntuc in Andhra Pradesh, staged forest satyagrahas, for the British did not allow them to use the forests for grazing their cattle.
In Sind. Muslim traders and peasants supported the Khilafat call while in Bengal the Khilafat-NorvCooperation alliance gave enormous communal unity and strength to the ational movement. In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikhs wanted the corrupt mahants who supported by the British removed from the Gurd.varas In Assam, tea garden demanded a big increase in their wages. They left the British-owned plantations amidst declarations that they were following Gandhiji s wish.
Many Indians regarded Gandhiji as a saviouc who would free India from the clutched of the British and help them over come their misery and poverty. The peasants hoped that Gandhiji would help them in their fight against zamindars. Agricultural labourers believed he would provide them land. The peasants of Pratapgarh in the Uttar Pradesh managed to stop illegal eviction of tenants: but they felt it was Gandhiji who had won this demand for them. Many a time peasants used Gandhis name and indulged in uivGandhian activities.
Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
Q 1.
What were the changes that could be seen as women became actively involved in reforms?
Q 2.
State the recommendations of the Wood’s Despatch.
Q 3.
Describe European artists style.
Q 4.
Describe in your own words one painting from this chapter which suggests that the British were more powerful than Indians. How does the artist depict this?
Q 5.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Q 6.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Q 7.
Name some varieties of cloth that were produced in India during the 18th century.
Q 8.
Were the weavers given any importance during the national movement?
Q 9.
Name some weaver’s community in India.
Q 10.
What were the advantages that Indian weavers had?
Q 11.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Q 12.
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Q 13.
Write about Raja Rammohun Roy and his reforms
Q 14.
Who are the Agaria?
Q 15.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Q 16.
Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Would some people have supported them too? If so. for what reasons?
Q 17.
What was the role of the Plannirg Commission?
Q 18.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Q 19.
How was the right to vote in adopted in the UK and the US?
Q 20.
What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?
Q 21.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national sty le of art?
Q 22.
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Q 23.
Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?
Q 24.
Write a brief not on abolition of untouchability and Reservation Policy.
Q 25.
Mention the caste system that was prevalent in those days in India.
Q 26.
How was the ecoromic development of India visualised in the earty decades after Independence?
Q 27.
What are 3 lists of subjects that the constitution has provided to balance the different views on power sharing between the centre and the state?
Q 28.
What is aspinning jenny?
Q 29.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varmas paintings as national?
Q 30.
Describe the paintings done by Robert Ker Porter on the battle of Seringa patam.
Q 31.
What were company Paintings?
Q 32.
What made Gandhiji call off the non-cooperation movement?
Q 33.
What were the new Governments priorities?
Q 34.
How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?
Q 35.
What was Thomas Babington Macaulay instrumental for?
Q 36.
Write a brief note on Kalighat paintings.
Q 37.
What brought the moderates and radicals together?
Q 38.
Write a brief note on the Constituent Assembly.
Q 39.
What was the outcome of the Wood’s despatch?
Q 40.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Q 41.
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiritothe American movement to free slaves?
Q 42.
What was thecalico Act ?
Q 43.
Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Q 44.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?
Q 45.
How did Jyotirao the reformers justify their criticism of caste inequality in society?
Q 46.
Point out which of the following were brought in with British art:
(a) oil painting
(b) miniatures
(c) life-size portrait painting
(d) use of perspective
(e) mural art
Q 47.
How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Q 48.
Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?
Q 49.
What did the Khilafat movement support?
Q 50.
What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said that In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality ?
