Question:
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Answer:
Iron smelting furnaces were most often built of clay and sun-dried bricks.The smelting was done by men while women worked the bellows, pumping air that kept the charcoal burning. When the colonial government prevented people from entering the reserved forests, the iron smelters could not find wood for charcoal to light the furnace. Neither could they get iron ore.
Many iron smelters had to give up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood. By the late nineteenth century iron and steel was being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and implements. This lowered the demand for iron produced by local iron smelters.
Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
Q 1.
State the recommendations of the Wood’s Despatch.
Q 2.
What were the changes that could be seen as women became actively involved in reforms?
Q 3.
Describe European artists style.
Q 4.
Describe in your own words one painting from this chapter which suggests that the British were more powerful than Indians. How does the artist depict this?
Q 5.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Q 6.
Name some varieties of cloth that were produced in India during the 18th century.
Q 7.
Were the weavers given any importance during the national movement?
Q 8.
What were the advantages that Indian weavers had?
Q 9.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Q 10.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Q 11.
Write about Raja Rammohun Roy and his reforms
Q 12.
Who are the Agaria?
Q 13.
Name some weaver’s community in India.
Q 14.
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Q 15.
What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?
Q 16.
How was the right to vote in adopted in the UK and the US?
Q 17.
Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Would some people have supported them too? If so. for what reasons?
Q 18.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national sty le of art?
Q 19.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Q 20.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Q 21.
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Q 22.
What was the role of the Plannirg Commission?
Q 23.
What were company Paintings?
Q 24.
What made Gandhiji call off the non-cooperation movement?
Q 25.
Write a brief not on abolition of untouchability and Reservation Policy.
Q 26.
How was the ecoromic development of India visualised in the earty decades after Independence?
Q 27.
What are 3 lists of subjects that the constitution has provided to balance the different views on power sharing between the centre and the state?
Q 28.
What was the outcome of the Wood’s despatch?
Q 29.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Q 30.
Mention the caste system that was prevalent in those days in India.
Q 31.
Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?
Q 32.
What were the new Governments priorities?
Q 33.
How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?
Q 34.
What is aspinning jenny?
Q 35.
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiritothe American movement to free slaves?
Q 36.
Write a brief note on the Constituent Assembly.
Q 37.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varmas paintings as national?
Q 38.
Write a brief note on Kalighat paintings.
Q 39.
Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in
different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Q 40.
What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said that In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality ?
Q 43.
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Q 44.
Why did the scroll painters and potters come to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
Q 45.
Describe the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Q 46.
Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?
Q 47.
How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?
Q 48.
What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?
Q 49.
What was thecalico Act ?
Q 50.
Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
