Question:
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Answer:
Iron smelting furnaces were most often built of clay and sun-dried bricks.The smelting was done by men while women worked the bellows, pumping air that kept the charcoal burning. When the colonial government prevented people from entering the reserved forests, the iron smelters could not find wood for charcoal to light the furnace. Neither could they get iron ore.
Many iron smelters had to give up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood. By the late nineteenth century iron and steel was being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and implements. This lowered the demand for iron produced by local iron smelters.
Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
Q 1.
What were the changes that could be seen as women became actively involved in reforms?
Q 2.
State the recommendations of the Wood’s Despatch.
Q 3.
Describe European artists style.
Q 4.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Q 5.
Describe in your own words one painting from this chapter which suggests that the British were more powerful than Indians. How does the artist depict this?
Q 6.
What are miniature paintings?
Q 7.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Q 8.
Name some weaver’s community in India.
Q 9.
Write about Raja Rammohun Roy and his reforms
Q 10.
How was the right to vote in adopted in the UK and the US?
Q 11.
Name some varieties of cloth that were produced in India during the 18th century.
Q 12.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Q 13.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varmas paintings as national?
Q 14.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Q 15.
What are 3 lists of subjects that the constitution has provided to balance the different views on power sharing between the centre and the state?
Q 16.
What was the outcome of the Wood’s despatch?
Q 17.
Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Would some people have supported them too? If so. for what reasons?
Q 18.
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Q 19.
Write a brief note on Kalighat paintings.
Q 20.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Q 21.
Who are the Agaria?
Q 22.
What were the advantages that Indian weavers had?
Q 23.
What were the different reasons people had for not sending girts to school?
Q 24.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national sty le of art?
Q 25.
Why were Jyotirao Phule and Ramaswamy Naicker critical of the national
movement? Did their criticism help the national struggle in any way?
Q 26.
Why did the scroll painters and potters come to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
Q 27.
What were the three categories of Imperial Art?
Q 28.
What brought the moderates and radicals together?
Q 29.
Write a brief not on abolition of untouchability and Reservation Policy.
Q 30.
What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?
Q 31.
Point out which of the following were brought in with British art:
(a) oil painting
(b) miniatures
(c) life-size portrait painting
(d) use of perspective
(e) mural art
Q 32.
Describe the paintings done by Robert Ker Porter on the battle of Seringa patam.
Q 33.
How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Q 34.
What was the llbert Bill?
Q 35.
Were the weavers given any importance during the national movement?
Q 36.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Q 37.
Give a brief sketch of Thomas Daniell and his paintings.
Q 38.
What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?
Q 39.
How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?
Q 40.
What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?
Q 41.
Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?
Q 42.
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Q 43.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Q 46.
How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?
Q 47.
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Q 48.
What is aspinning jenny?
Q 49.
When were cotton mills started in India?
Q 50.
Why did some artists produce cheap popular prints? What influence would such prints have had on the minds of people who looked at them?
