How do you explain the absence of aldehyde group in the pentaacetate of D-glucose?
The cyclic hemiacetal form of glucose contains an -OH group at C-l which gets hydrolysed in aqueous solution to produce open chain aldehydic form which then reacts with NH2OH -to form corresponding oxime. Thus, glucose contains an aldehydic group. However, when glucose is reacted with acetic anhydride, the -OH group at C-l along with the other -OH groups at C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-6 form a pentaacetate.
Since the penta acetate of1 glucose does not contain a free -OH group at C-l, it cannot get hydrolysed in aqueous solution to produce open chain aldehydic form and hence glucose pentaacetate does not react with NH2OH to form glucose oxime. The reactions are shown as:
Assertion (A): Deoxyribose, C5H10O4 is not a carbohydrate.
Reason (R): Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon so compounds which follow Cx(H2O)y formula are carbohydrates.
Aldopentoses named ribose and 2-deoxyribose are found in nucleic acids.
What is their relative configuration?
Three structures are given below in which two glucose units are linked. Which of these linkages between glucose units are between C1 and C4 and which linkages are between C1 and C6?
Assertion (A): Vitamin D can be stored in our body.
Reason (R): Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin.
Which monosaccharide units are present in starch, cellulose and glycogen and which linkages link these units?
Assertion (A): In presence of enzyme, substrate molecule can be attacked by the reagent effectively.
Reason (R): Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate molecule in a suitable position.
Name the sugar present in milk. How many monosaccharide units are present in it? What are such oligosaccharides called?
Assertion (A): Glycine must’be taken through diet.
Reason (R): It is an essential amino acid.
The letters ' D ' or ' L' before the name of a stereoisomer of a compound indicate the correlation of configuration of that particular stereoisomer.
This refers to their relation with one of the isomers of glyceraldehydes. Predict whether the following compound has ‘D' or ‘L' configuration.
In disaccharides, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non-reducing sugars. Which of the following disaccharide is a non-reducing sugar?
Structure of a disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose is given below. Identify anomeric carbon atoms in monosaccharide units.
Which of the following carbohydrates are branched polymer of glucose?
(a) Amylose (b) Amylopectin (c) Cellulose (d) Glycogen
Structures of glycine and alanine are given below. Show the peptide linkage in glycylalanine.
Match the vitamins given in Column I with the deficiency disease they cause given in Column II.
Carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their behaviour on hydrolysis and also as reducing or non-reducing sugar. Sucrose is a .
(a) monosaccharide (b) disaccharide
(c) reducing sugar (d) non-reducing sugar
Which of the following monosaccharides are present as five membered cyclic structure (foranose structure)?
(a) Ribose (b) Glucose (c) Fructose (d) Galactose
Coagulation of egg white on boiling is an example of denaturation of protein. Explain it in terms of structural changes.
Assertion (A): β-glycosidic linkage is present in maltose.
Reason (R): Maltose is composed of two glucose units in which C-l of one glucose unit is linked to C-4 of another glucose unit.
Assertion (A): All naturally occurring a-amino acids except glycine are optically active.
Reason (R): Most naturally occurring amino acids have L-configuration.
Carbohydrates are essential for life in both plants and animals. Name the carbohydrates that are used as storage molecules in plants and animals, also name the carbohydrate which is present in wood or in the fibre of cotton cloth.
How are vitamins classified? Name the vitamin responsible for the coagulation of blood.
How will you distinguish 1 ° and 2 ° hydroxyl groups present in glucose? Explain with reactions.
What products would be formed when a nucleotide from DNA containing thymine is hydrolysed?
When RNA is hydrolysed, there is no relationship among the quantities of different bases obtained. What does this fact suggest about the structure of RNA?
What happens when D-glucose is treated with . the following reagents.
(i)HI (ii) Bromine water (iii) HNO3
Amino acids are classified as acidic, basis or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic?
How do you explain the presence of all six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight chain?
Activation energy for the acid catalysed hydrolysis of sucrose is 6.22 kJ mol-1, while hydrolysis is catalysed by the enzyme sucrase. Explain.
Match the following enzyme given in Column I with the reactions they catalyse given in Column II.
