Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan-3-ol
(ii) 5-Ethylheptane-2,4-dioI
(iii) Butane-2,3-diol
(iv)Propane-1,2,3-triol
(v)2-Methylphenol
(vi)4-Methylphenol
(vii) 2,5-DimethylphenoI
(viii) 2,6-Dimethylphenol
(ix)1-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(x)Ethoxybenzene
(xi)1-Phenoxyheptane
(xii) 2-Ethoxybutane
Assertion (A): Phenols give o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol on nitration with cone. HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture.
Reason (R): -OH group in phenol is o-,p-directing.
Assertion (A): Phenol forms 2,4, 6-tribromophenol on treatment with Br2 in carbon disulphide at 273 K.
Reason (R): Bromine polarizes in carbon disulphide.
While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reason.
Explain the following with an example
(i) Kolbe's reaction (ii) Reimer – Tiemann reaction –
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis (iv) Unsymmetrical ether
Match the starting materials given in Column I with the products formed by these (Column II) in the reaction with HI.
When 3-methylbutant 2-ol is treated with HBr, the following reaction takes place:
Give a mechanism for this reaction.
(Hint: The secondary carbocation formed in step II rearranges to a more stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom.)
Write the structures of the isomers of alcohols with molecular formula C4H10O. Which one of these isomers exhibits optical activity?
Write structures of the compounds whose IUPAC names are as follows:
(i)2-Methylbutan-2-ol
(ii)l-Phcnylpropan-2-ol
(iii)3,5-DimethyIhexane-l,3,5-triol
(iv)2,3-Dicthylphenol
(v)1-Ethoxypropane
(vi)2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
(vii) Cyclohexylmethanol
(viii) 3-Cyclohexylpcntan-3-ol
(ix)Cyclopcnt-3-en-l-ol
(x)4-ChIoro-3-ethylbutan-l-ol
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidity and give a suitable explanation:
Phenol, o-Nitrophenol, o-Cresol
Why is the reactivity of all three classes of alcohols with cone. HCl and ZnCl2 (Lucas reagent) different?
Give structures of the products you would expect when each of the following alcohol reacts with (a)HCl-ZnCl2 (b)HBrand (c) SOCl2
(i)Butan-1-ol
(ii)2-Methylbutan-2-ol
Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
(i)Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid.
(ii)Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde.
(iii)Brominationofphenolto2,4,6-tribromophenol
(iv)Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid.
(v)Dehydration of propan-2-oI to propene.
(vi)Butan-2-one to butan-2-oL .
Phenol can be distinguished from ethanol by the reactions with ………….
(a) Br2/water (b) Na
(c) Neutral FeCl3 (d) All of these
Explain why alcohols and ethers of comparable molecular mass have different boiling points.
Assertion (A): Bond angle in ethers is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle. Reason (R): There is a repulsion between the two bulky (-R) groups.
Assertion (A): Like bromination of benzene, bromination of phenol is also carried out in the presence of Lewis acid.
Reason (R): Lewis acid polarizes the bromine molecule.
Assertion (A): o-Nitrophenol is less soluble in water than the m- and p-isomers.
Reason (R): m-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol exists as associated molecules.
Alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. Explain this fact.
Explain how does the – OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Give equations of the following reactions:
(i)Oxidation of propan-l-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution.
(ii)Bromine in CS2 with phenol.
(iii)Dilute HNO3 acid with phehoL
(iv)Treating phenol with chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH.
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following ethers by Williamson's synthesis:
(i)1-Propoxypropane
(ii)Ethoxybenzene
(iii)2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv)1-Methoxyethane
Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.
Mark the correct increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds with HBr/HCl.
Alcohols react with active metals, e.g., Na, K, etc., to give corresponding alkoxides. Write down the decreasing order or reactivity of sodium metal towards primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Name the enzymes and write the reactions involved in the preparation of ethanol from sucrose by fermentation.
