Name the factors responsible for the solubility of alcohols in water.
Alcohols are soluble in water because of hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
The solubility decreases with increase in size of alkyl or aryl group.
Assertion (A): Boiling points of alcohols and ethers are high.
Reason (R): They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Name the enzymes and write the reactions involved in the preparation of ethanol from sucrose by fermentation.
Explain why is OH group in phenols more strongly held as compared to OH group in alcohols.
Assertion (A): Bond angle in ethers is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle. Reason (R): There is a repulsion between the two bulky (-R) groups.
Assertion (A): Ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol.
Reason (R): Sodium ethoxide may be prepared by the reaction of ethanol with aqueous NaOH.
Explain a process in which a biocatalyst is used in industrial preparation of a compound known to you.
Explain why alcohols and ethers of comparable molecular mass have different boiling points.
When phenol is treated with bromine water, white precipitate is obtained. Give the structure and the name of the compound formed.
Why is the reactivity of all three classes of alcohols with cone. HCl and ZnCl2 (Lucas reagent) different?
Write structures of the compounds whose IUPAC names are as follows:
(i)2-Methylbutan-2-ol
(ii)l-Phcnylpropan-2-ol
(iii)3,5-DimethyIhexane-l,3,5-triol
(iv)2,3-Dicthylphenol
(v)1-Ethoxypropane
(vi)2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
(vii) Cyclohexylmethanol
(viii) 3-Cyclohexylpcntan-3-ol
(ix)Cyclopcnt-3-en-l-ol
(x)4-ChIoro-3-ethylbutan-l-ol
Why is the C – O – H bond angle‘in alcohols slightly less than the tetrahedral angle whereas the C – O – C bond angle in ether is slightly greater?
Assertion (A): IUPAC name of the compound
Reason (R): In IUPAC nomenclature, ether is regarded as hydrocarbon derivative in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by -OR or -OAr group [where R = alkyl group and Ar = aryl group]
While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reason.
Phenol can be distinguished from ethanol by the reactions with ………….
(a) Br2/water (b) Na
(c) Neutral FeCl3 (d) All of these
In Kolbe's reaction, instead of phenol, phenoxide ion is treated with carbon dioxide. Why?
Assertion (A): p-Nitrophcnol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R): Nitro group helps in the stabilization of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.
Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol. Compare its acidity with that of ethanol.
Explain how does the – OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Write the structures of the isomers of alcohols with molecular formula C4H10O. Which one of these isomers exhibits optical activity?
Preparation of alcohols from alkenes involves the electrophilic attack on alkene carbon atom. Explain its mechanism.
Match the starting materials given in Column I with the products formed by these (Column II) in the reaction with HI.
Which of the following is an appropriate set of reactants for the preparation of l-methoxy-4- nitrobenzene and why?
You are given benzene, cone. H2S04and NaOH. Write the equations for the preparation of phenol using these reagents.
Arrange water, ethanol and, phenol in increasing order of acidity and give reason for your answer.
Assertion (A): Phenol forms 2,4, 6-tribromophenol on treatment with Br2 in carbon disulphide at 273 K.
Reason (R): Bromine polarizes in carbon disulphide.
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following ethers by Williamson's synthesis:
(i)1-Propoxypropane
(ii)Ethoxybenzene
(iii)2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv)1-Methoxyethane
Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.
