When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?
Foreign gene is usually ligated to a plasmid vector and introduced in the host. As plasmid replicates, and makes multiple copies of itself, so does the foreign gene gets replicated and its copes are made. When the host organism divides, its progeny also receives the plasmid DNA containing the foreign gene.
Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also hue of many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual. By this’the normal function can be restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give reason for your answer.
Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, phenomenon as well as for producing products useful for mankind. Give one example for each type.
Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example and for each category.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases?
Define transgenic animals. Explain in detail any four areas where they can be utilised.
Why has the Indian Parliament cleared the second amendment of the country's patents bill?
Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.
Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.
What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?
Consult internet andflnd out howto makeorally activ&protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?
Write a short note on biopiracy highlighting the exploitation of developing countries by the developed countries.
What are the various advantages of using genetically modified plants to increase the overall yield of the crop?
Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.
Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?
What is meant by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide.
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered?
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.
While creating genetically modified organisms, genetic barriers are not respected. How can this be dangerous in the long run?
ELISA technique is based on the principles of antigen-antibody interaction. Can this techique be used in the molecular diagnosis of a genetic disorder, such as phenyketonuria?
In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.
Name the five key tools for accomplishing the tasks of recombinant DNA technology. Also mention the functions of each tool.
Give any two reasons why the patent on Basmati should not have gone to an American Company.
List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cows and pigs:
You have identified a useful gene in bacteria. Make a flow chart of the steps that you would follow to transfer this gene to a plant.
Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?
In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.
With respect to understanding diseases,’discuss the importance of transgenic animal models.
Digrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?