How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its prohormone form?
Mature functional insulin is obtained by processing of pro-hormone which contains extra peptide called C-peptide. This C-peptide is removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also hue of many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual. By this’the normal function can be restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give reason for your answer.
Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, phenomenon as well as for producing products useful for mankind. Give one example for each type.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example and for each category.
Define transgenic animals. Explain in detail any four areas where they can be utilised.
Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.
Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases?
Why has the Indian Parliament cleared the second amendment of the country's patents bill?
Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.
Consult internet andflnd out howto makeorally activ&protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?
Write a short note on biopiracy highlighting the exploitation of developing countries by the developed countries.
What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?
What are the various advantages of using genetically modified plants to increase the overall yield of the crop?
Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.
Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
What is meant by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide.
How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered?
Name the five key tools for accomplishing the tasks of recombinant DNA technology. Also mention the functions of each tool.
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.
List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cows and pigs:
In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.
While creating genetically modified organisms, genetic barriers are not respected. How can this be dangerous in the long run?
Give any two reasons why the patent on Basmati should not have gone to an American Company.
Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?
Digrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?
Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?
With respect to understanding diseases,’discuss the importance of transgenic animal models.
When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?
You have identified a useful gene in bacteria. Make a flow chart of the steps that you would follow to transfer this gene to a plant.