Biology

Biotechnology and its Applications

Question:

What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?

Answer:

Cry proteins are protein responsible for killing lepidopteran insect and their larvae (also called Bt toxin). It is secreted by Bacillus thuringienesis. Man exploited gene encoding this toxin, by transferring it into cotton genome with the help of Agrobacterium TDN A as vector.

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Biotechnology and its Applications

Q 1.

Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also hue of many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin.

Q 2.

Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops

Q 3.

Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, phenomenon as well as for producing products useful for mankind. Give one example for each type.

Q 4.

Why has the Indian Parliament cleared the second amendment of the country's patents bill?

Q 5.

Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual. By this’the normal function can be restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give reason for your answer.

Q 6.

Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops

Q 7.

What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Q 8.

Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.

Q 9.

Expand GMO. How is it different from a hybrid?

Q 10.

Name the first transgenic cow. Which gene was introduced in this cow?

Q 11.

Highlight five areas where biotechnology has influenced our lives.

Q 12.

What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?

Q 13.

Consult internet andflnd out howto makeorally activ&protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?

Q 14.

Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example and for each category.

Q 15.

Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.

Q 16.

Define transgenic animals. Explain in detail any four areas where they can be utilised.

Q 17.

Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.

Q 18.

A patient is suffering from ADA deficiency. Can he be cured. How?

Q 19.

Does our blood have proteases and nucleases?

Q 20.

Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.

Q 21.

Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases?

Q 22.

What are the various advantages of using genetically modified plants to increase the overall yield of the crop?

Q 23.

PCR is a useful tool for early diagnosis of an infectious disease. Elaborate.

Q 24.

How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its prohormone form?

Q 25.

For which variety of Indian rice, the patent was filed by a USA Company?

Q 26.

What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? Give two examples.

Q 27.

Highlight any four areas where genetic modification of plants has been useful.

Q 28.

Write a short note on biopiracy highlighting the exploitation of developing countries by the developed countries.

Q 29.

Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle involved.

Q 30.

List the advantages of recombinant insulin.

Q 31.

With respect to understanding diseases,’discuss the importance of transgenic animal models.

Q 32.

What is meant by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide.

Q 33.

Find out from internet what is golden rice.

Q 34.

Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?

Q 35.

Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.

Q 36.

Discuss briefly how a probe is used in molecular diagnostics.

Q 37.

Define Antigen and Antibody. Name any two diagnostic kits based upon them.

Q 38.

How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered?

Q 39.

When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?

Q 40.

Digrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?

Q 41.

In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.

Q 42.

What is GEAC and what are its objectives?

Q 43.

List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cows and pigs:

Q 44.

What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Q 45.

Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.

Q 46.

You have identified a useful gene in bacteria. Make a flow chart of the steps that you would follow to transfer this gene to a plant.

Q 47.

While creating genetically modified organisms, genetic barriers are not respected. How can this be dangerous in the long run?

Q 48.

Name the five key tools for accomplishing the tasks of recombinant DNA technology. Also mention the functions of each tool.

Q 49.

In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.

Q 50.

Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?