How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in Britain during the nineteenth century? Explain with examples. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
(i) Many job-seekers had to wait for weeks, spending nights under bridges or in night shelters. Some stayed in night refuges that were set up by private individuals; others went to the Casual Wards maintained by the Poor Law authorities.
(ii) Seasonality of work in many industries meant prolonged periods without work. After the busy season was over, the poor were on the streets again. Some returned to the countryside after the winter, when the demand for labour in the rural areas opened up in places. But most looked for odd jobs, which till the mid-nineteenth century were difficult to find.
(iii) Wages increased somewhat in the early nineteenth century. But they tell us little about the welfare of the workers. The average figures hide the variations between trades and the fluctuations from year to year. For instance, when prices rose sharply during the prolonged Napoleonic War, the real value of what the workers earned fell significantly, since the same wages could now buy fewer things.
"In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand". Give reason.
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
Explain the impact of industrialisation on
(a) Women
(b) Children
(c) Do you think child labour is still a major problem? Suggest any two ways to check child labour.
Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from the Indian weavers ?
The process of industrialisation brought with it miseries for the newly emerged class of industrial workers.’ Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Explain the miserable conditions of industrial workers in Britain during the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2009 lP]
Or
How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain with examples. [CBSE 2008 (O) Compt.]
Or
Describe the lifestyle of the British workers of the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2010 IO). 2014]
Or
Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2011]
”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.
Explain the major features of the industrialisation process of Europe in the 19th century. [CBSE Compt. 2008 (O)]
Explain the role of Indian merchants and bankers in the network of export trade.
Or
What role did the Indian merchants play in the growth of textile industries before 1750 ? Explain any three points. [CBSE 2011]
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
Why did some Industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during the 1760 ? Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2013]
Name any two European Managing Agencies which controlled a large sector of the Indian industries. Describe any three functions performed by such agencies. (CBSE 2013)
By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain. [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Name the goods from India Which dominated the international market before the age of machine industries.