Critically analyse the Centre-State relations prior to 1990 and after. [CBSE 2013]
(i) Prior to 1990, except for once, the Congress ruled at the centre for about 40 years. These were the years when the single party made the government.
(ii) The government at the centre ruled the states with biased views. It supported those states which had a government formed by the same party. The government at many occasions dismissed the state governments formed by other parties in the name of law and order situations. In other words, the centre dictated the states and the states had no alternative except to follow the centre.
(iii) The rise of regional politics in many states has changed the Centre-State relations significantly after 1990. This was also the beginning of the era of coalition governments at the centre.
(iv) Since, no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, major national parties had to enter into an alliance with many small regional parties. Hence, regional parties do take care of their states.
(v) This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of state government. It became difficult for the central government to dismiss state governments in an arbitrary manner.
Categorise the following under Union list or Concurrent list.
(i) Currency (ii) Education
Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2010, 14]
Mention any two subjects which are r included in the union list. Explain by giving reasons why these are included in the union list.
Which law will remain prevalent if there is any conflict over a subject mentioned in the Concurrent list?
Mention any four features of federalism. [CBSE 2008, 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Explain four features of the federal form of government. [CBSE 2008 Comp. (O) (D)]
There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.' Name the two routes by giving one example of each.
The sharing of power between the Union government and the state governments is basic to the structure of the Indian Constitution'. Explain.
Explain the major key features of federalism.
Or
Describe any four features of the federalism. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Restructuring the Centre-State relations is an important way in which the Indian Federalism has been strengthened in practice.' Explain.
How is the Indian federal system different from that of Sri Lanka ? Explain by giving three examples.
Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages ? [CBSE 2008 (Compt)]
"Federal power sharing is more effective today than it was in the early years after the Constitution came into force". Explain.
Or
How is federal power sharing more effective today than in the early years ? Explain.
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to any one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. [CBSE 2011]
What is the rationale for decentralization of power ? Describe the functions of Rural Local Government. [CBSE 2013]
Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the Icoal self-governments in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2011, 14]
"Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government". What key changes were brought in the political system under the above mentioned shift ?
"The creation of linguistic states was the first and major test for democratic politics in our country."Justify this statement. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Explain the advantages of decentrali ¬sation. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 14]
Or .
Explain any four features of the third tier of government. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Give two arguments in favour of decentralisation of powers to local governments. Give two provisions under the amendment of 1992 which empowers local governments in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
OR
Assess the need for local government. [CBSE 2012, 14]