Explain the language policy of Indian Federal. How is it different from Sri Lanka ?
Or
Write any four characteristics of language policy of India. [CBSE 2011]
Or
Describe in brief the language policy of India. [CBSE 2010]
(i) No National Language: Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages.
(ii) Scheduled Languages: Besides Hindi, there are 22 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State.
(iii) Spread of Hindi with cautious approach: Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965. However, many non-Hindi-speaking States demanded that the use of English continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language.
(iv) Language policy of Sri Lanka: In 1956, an Act was passed by the Sri Lankan government to recognise Sinhala as the only official language whereas in case of India the government agreed to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes.
Categorise the following under Union list or Concurrent list.
(i) Currency (ii) Education
There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.' Name the two routes by giving one example of each.
Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the Icoal self-governments in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2011, 14]
Which law will remain prevalent if there is any conflict over a subject mentioned in the Concurrent list?
Mention any two subjects which are r included in the union list. Explain by giving reasons why these are included in the union list.
Should Panchayats be given judicial power to punish the anti social elements of its area ? Give your suggestions with arguments. [CBSE 2014]
Mention any four features of federalism. [CBSE 2008, 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Explain four features of the federal form of government. [CBSE 2008 Comp. (O) (D)]
The sharing of power between the Union government and the state governments is basic to the structure of the Indian Constitution'. Explain.
India is a federal country.' Explain by giving examples.[CBSE Sept. 2012, 2013]
Or
Explain the three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
Or
Mention any five main features which make India a federal country. [CBSE 2013]
Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2010, 14]
"Federal power sharing is more effective today than it was in the early years after the Constitution came into force". Explain.
Or
How is federal power sharing more effective today than in the early years ? Explain.
"Local governments have made a significant impact on Indian democracy. At the same time there are many difficulties."Explain. [CBSE 2012]
How is the Indian federal system different from that of Sri Lanka ? Explain by giving three examples.
Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages ? [CBSE 2008 (Compt)]
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to any one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Some subjects have been mentioned below. Categorise them into Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
(i) Education (ii) Currency (iii) Police (iv) Forest (v) Banking (vi) Communication
"Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government". What key changes were brought in the political system under the above mentioned shift ?
What is the rationale for decentralization of power ? Describe the functions of Rural Local Government. [CBSE 2013]
Most federations that are formed by ‘holding together' do not give equal power to its constituent units.' Is it true for India ? Explain.
Or
"Holding together federations"do not give equal power to its constituent units. Explain the statement with the help of examples in context to India. [CBSE 2012]
How is federalism practised in India ? Explain.
Or
The real success of federalism in India can be attributed to the nature of democratic politics in India.' Explain.
"The creation of linguistic states was the first and major test for democratic politics in our country."Justify this statement. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Name the three tier government system in India. What steps have been taken by the government to make the third tier more powerful and effective ? [CBSE 2008(0)]
Or
How has the third tier of government in our country been made more effective and powerful by the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain any four provisions that have been made towards decentralisation in India after the constitutional amendment in 1992. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Explain the advantages of decentrali ¬sation. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 14]
Or .
Explain any four features of the third tier of government. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Give two arguments in favour of decentralisation of powers to local governments. Give two provisions under the amendment of 1992 which empowers local governments in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
OR
Assess the need for local government. [CBSE 2012, 14]