How is federalism practised in India ? Explain.
Or
The real success of federalism in India can be attributed to the nature of democratic politics in India.' Explain.
(i) Linguistic States : After independence, in 1950, the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that the people who spoke the same language, share common culture, ethnicity or geography could live in the same state.
(ii) Language Policy : The Indian Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one of the languages. Though Hindi was identified as the optional language, but the central government has not imposed Hindi on states where people speak a different language. Besides Hindi, there are 22 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Indian Constitution.
(iii) Centre-State relations : Improving the Centre-State relations is one more way in which federalism has been strengthened in practice. Though Indian Constitution has demarcated the powers of the Union and the state governments but still the Union government can have influence over the state in many ways.
In the past, the Central government has often misused the Constitution to dismiss the state governments that were controlled by
rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism, and that of democracy.
The judiciary has played a major role in improving the autonomy of the state governments because many a time, it has rescued state governments which were dismissed in an arbitrary manner.
Categorise the following under Union list or Concurrent list.
(i) Currency (ii) Education
There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.' Name the two routes by giving one example of each.
Which law will remain prevalent if there is any conflict over a subject mentioned in the Concurrent list?
Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the Icoal self-governments in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2011, 14]
Mention any two subjects which are r included in the union list. Explain by giving reasons why these are included in the union list.
Mention any four features of federalism. [CBSE 2008, 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Explain four features of the federal form of government. [CBSE 2008 Comp. (O) (D)]
Should Panchayats be given judicial power to punish the anti social elements of its area ? Give your suggestions with arguments. [CBSE 2014]
The sharing of power between the Union government and the state governments is basic to the structure of the Indian Constitution'. Explain.
India is a federal country.' Explain by giving examples.[CBSE Sept. 2012, 2013]
Or
Explain the three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
Or
Mention any five main features which make India a federal country. [CBSE 2013]
Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2010, 14]
"Local governments have made a significant impact on Indian democracy. At the same time there are many difficulties."Explain. [CBSE 2012]
"Federal power sharing is more effective today than it was in the early years after the Constitution came into force". Explain.
Or
How is federal power sharing more effective today than in the early years ? Explain.
Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages ? [CBSE 2008 (Compt)]
"Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government". What key changes were brought in the political system under the above mentioned shift ?
Some subjects have been mentioned below. Categorise them into Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
(i) Education (ii) Currency (iii) Police (iv) Forest (v) Banking (vi) Communication
Explain the major key features of federalism.
Or
Describe any four features of the federalism. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. [CBSE 2011]
What is the rationale for decentralization of power ? Describe the functions of Rural Local Government. [CBSE 2013]
How is the Indian federal system different from that of Sri Lanka ? Explain by giving three examples.
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to any one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Most federations that are formed by ‘holding together' do not give equal power to its constituent units.' Is it true for India ? Explain.
Or
"Holding together federations"do not give equal power to its constituent units. Explain the statement with the help of examples in context to India. [CBSE 2012]
Name the three tier government system in India. What steps have been taken by the government to make the third tier more powerful and effective ? [CBSE 2008(0)]
Or
How has the third tier of government in our country been made more effective and powerful by the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain any four provisions that have been made towards decentralisation in India after the constitutional amendment in 1992. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Why did the makers of our Constitution declare India to be a ‘Union of states’ ? Why were some sub-political units of India given a special status ? [CBSE 2012]