Civics

Democracy and Diversity

Question:

Explain the overlapping and cross-cutting differences. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
Explain the cross-cutting differences with suitable examples. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:

Overlapping differences : These social divisions take place when some social differences overlap with many other differences.
• The difference between the Blacks and Whites becomes a social division in the United States because historically, most of the Blacks are poor, homeless and discriminated against.
• In India, the Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination and injustice.
• These kinds of situations produce social divisions which are harmful for democracy, and weaken the basic foundation of democracy.
• When one kind of social difference becomes more important than any other, and people start feeling that, they belong to different communities then this can lead to the disintegration of the country.

Cross-cutting differences :
• Under cross-cutting differences, people share common interests on one issue but are likely to be on different side on another issue.
• Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.
• Netherlands and Northern Ireland are Christian countries divided into Catholics and Protestants.
• In Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. This means Catholics and the Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich.
• In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other, i.e., if one is Catholic, he is also more likely to be poor.

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Democracy and Diversity

Q 1.

In a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal, and can be healthy. ' Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
How is political expression of social divisions in democracy beneficial ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Or
"Assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger."Explain. [CBSE 2010]

Q 2.

What was Civil Rights Movement ?

Q 3.

Taking the examples at Carlos, Smith and Norman, explain how social differences divide similar people from one another but also unite very different people ?  [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Q 4.

Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions.' Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Q 5.

Reaction of the government to the demands of different groups is a crucial factor in determining the outcome of social divisions". Explain the statements.

Q 6.

When does a social difference become a social division?

Q 7.

What was the Black Power Movement ?

Q 8.

Who led the Civil rights movement in the USA?

Q 9.

What is migration ? What is its impact ?

Q 10.

Give one example to show that we all have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social group.

Q 11.

What did Peter Norman do to show his support to the two American athletes ? What action was taken against him for his action ?

Q 12.

History shows that democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity.''Justify.

Q 13.

Mention any two factors responsible for origin of social differences.

Q 14.

What was Black Power Movement ? How was it different from the Civil Rights Movement ?
Or
Who was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement in USA ? Explain the importance of this movement. [CBSE 2013]

Q 15.

Which kind of social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions ?

Q 16.

How did the three athletes, Tommie Smith, Johan Carlos and Peter Norman contribute to the Civil Rights Movements in US ? [CBSE 2010]

Q 17.

Explain the overlapping and cross-cutting differences. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
Explain the cross-cutting differences with suitable examples. [CBSE 2012]

Q 18.

Who were African-American ?

Q 19.

Assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger". Explain.

Q 20.

How are the social divisions reflected in politics ? Explain.

Q 21.

What difference does migration make to social homogeneity?

Q 22.

What are cross-cutting social differences ?

Q 23.

What Is ethnic composition of Northern Netherland ?

Q 24.

Why do some people belonging to the same religion often feel that they do not belong to the same community ?
[CBSE 2009 (D)]

Q 25.

Hie combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive as it may lead to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country."Give one example.

Q 26.

Explain the Civil Rights Movement in the USA.  [CBSE 2014]

Q 27.

How do marginalised and deprived people react to social injustice ? Explain. [CBSE 2013]

Q 28.

How are social divisions reflected in a democratic country ? Explain.

Q 29.

What type of society exists in Sweden and Germany ? [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]

Q 30.

We all have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social group."Discuss the statement with suitable examples. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain the statement we have different identities in different contexts'. [CBSE 2011]

Q 31.

The silver medallist (Mexico Olympic 1968) Peter Norman wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the medal ceremony". Give reason.

Q 32.

___________ social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. ____________ social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.

Q 33.

The medal ceremony of 1968 Mexico Olympic became a historical landmark. Explain by giving examples.

Q 34.

Social divisions of one kind or another exist in most countries.' Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2011, 2012]
Or
When does a social difference become a social division ? Explain any three situations. [CBSE 2013]

Q 35.

How far do you agree with the statement that all social differences are not always an accident ? Why are most countries emerging as multi-cultural countries ?
Or
All kinds of social differences are not based on accident of birth. [CBSE 2014]

Q 36.

When does a social difference become a social division? Suggest any two ways to check it.

Q 37.

Every social difference does not lead to social division."Explain the statement. Suggest any two ways so that social differences do not lead to social divisions.

Q 38.

What are the three important factors in the outcome of politics of social divisions?

Q 39.

Give two examples to show that political competition along religious and ethnic lines can lead to disintegration.

Q 40.

What is homogeneous society ? Give two examples.

Q 41.

Most of the social differences are based on accident of birth'. Explain.

Q 42.

The combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive. It can make social divisions into political divisions and lead to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country."Justify. [CBSE 2008, 2013]
Or
Explain with special reference to Northern Ireland the ways in which social divisions have resulted in violent and bitter ethno-political conflict. [CBSE 2013]

Q 43.

Explain the reasons of social differences. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Why do social differences emerge in society ? [CBSE 2014]

Q 44.

What moral values you have learnt from the action of Tommie Smith, John Carlos and Peter Norman ?

Q 45.

What are the origins of Social Differences?

Q 46.

What are overlapping social differences ?

Q 47.

Mention two similarities between Tommie Smith and John Carlos. [CBSE 2009 (D), 14]

Q 48.

Discuss the role of political parties in the determination of the outcomes of social division. [CBSE 2013]

Q 49.

Social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger. Discuss.

Q 50.

How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.