Question:
Draw a diagram of human excretory system and label renal artery and urethra.
State in brief the function of :
- renal artery
- kidney
- ureter
- urinary bladder
Answer:
- Renal artery: The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys from the abdominal aorta. This blood comes directly from the heart and is sent to the-kidneys to be filtered before it passes through the rest of the body. Up to one-third of the total cardiac output per heartbeat is sent to the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. Each kidney has one renal artery that supplies it with blood. The filtered blood then can exit the renal vein.
- Kidney: The kidneys perform the essential function of removing waste products from the blood and regulating the water fluid levels. The kidneys regulate the body's fluid volume, mineral composition and acidity by excreting and reabsorbing water and inorganic electrolytes.
- Ureter: The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.’ There are two ureters, one attached to each kidney.
- Urinary bladder: The urinary bladder is an expandable muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted out of the body through the urethra.
Life Processes
Q 1.
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
Q 2.
Name one organism each having saprophytic, parasitic and holozoic modes of nutrition.
Q 3.
What are the functions of liver and pancreas in the human digestive system ?
Q 4.
What is the name of tiny projections on the inner surface of small intestine which help in absorbing the digested food ?
Q 5.
Name the biological catalysts which bring about chemical digestion of food.
Q 6.
What is the name of tiny air-sacs at the end of smallest bronchioles in the lungs ?
Q 7.
What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
Q 8.
Draw a neat diagram of excretory system of human beings and label on it:
(i) Left kidney (ii) Urinary bladder
Q 9.
(a) What criteria can be used to decide whether something is alive ?
(b) What is meant by life processes ? Name the basic life processes common to all living organisms which are essential for maintaining life.
Q 10.
Do all cells use oxygen to produce energy ?
Q 11.
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms ? Give one example of each.
Q 12.
What is the name given to the process of using the absorbed food for producing energy?
Q 13.
Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
Q 14.
What is the advantage of having four chambered heart?
Q 15.
What are enzymes? Name any one enzyme of our digestive system and write its function.
Q 16.
(a) Draw a diagram of human respiratory system and label the following:
(i) part where air is filtered by fine hair and mucus
(ii) part which terminates in balloon – like structures
(iii) balloon – like structures where exchange of gases takes place. (iv) part which separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity.
(b) Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms?
Q 17.
Name the process in plants where water is lost as water vapour. :
Q 18.
In the experiment "Light is essential for photosynthesis", why does the uncovered part of the leaf turn blue-black after putting iodine solution?
Q 19.
What is the mode of nutrition in human beings?
Q 20.
Name an animal whose process of obtaining food is called phagocytosis.
Q 21.
What substances enter into the food vacuole in Amoeba to break down the food ?
Q 22.
What is the name of the opening in the human body through which undigested food is thrown out ?
Q 23.
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
(a) All green plants are…………..
(b) All non-green plants and animals are…………
(c) Heterotrophs depend on…….. and other……………… for food,
(d) Green plants use……… ,………… and………… to make food.
(e) Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with………………
Q 24.
(a) Define a nutrient. Name four important nutrients present in our food.
(b) What are the various types of heterotrophic nutrition ?
Q 25.
Define (2) saprophyte, and (22) parasite. Name two saprophytes and two parasites.
Q 26.
(a) What is common for Cuscuta, ticks and leeches ?
(b) Name the substances on which the following enzymes act in the human digestive system :
(i) Trypsin (ii) Amylase (iii) Pepsin (iv) Lipase
(c) Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine ?
Q 27.
(a) Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores ?
(b) What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands ?
(c) What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal ?
Q 28.
Where does the blood absorb oxygen in the human body ?
Q 29.
What is the other name of wind-pipe ?
Q 30.
What organs are attached to the two bronchi ?
Q 31.
In the lungs :
(a) what substance is taken into the body ?
(b) what substance is removed from the body ?
Q 32.
Define breathing. State the differences between breathing and respiration.
Q 33.
Why do fishes die when taken out of water ?
Q 34.
Define nutrition? What are the different modes of nutrition?
Q 35.
What are (i) stomata and (ii) lenticels?
Q 36.
What is compensation point?
Q 37.
Where does digestion begin?
Q 38.
"All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night". Do you agree with this statement? Give reason.
Q 39.
Draw a diagram of human excretory system and label renal artery and urethra.
State in brief the function of :
- renal artery
- kidney
- ureter
- urinary bladder
Q 40.
What is saliva? State its role in the digestion of food.
Q 41.
A Give one reason why multicellular organisms require special organs for exchange of gases between their body and their environment. :
Q 42.
What is translocation'in plants?
Q 43.
Describe in brief the function of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Q 44.
Where does digestion of fat take place in our body?
Q 45.
Name two inorganic substances which are used by autotrophs to make food.
Q 46.
(a) Name a gas used in photosynthesis.
(b) Name a gas produced in photosynthesis.
Q 47.
(a) Name the pigment in leaves which absorbs sunlight energy.
(b) What is the colour of this pigment ?
Q 48.
Apart from carbon dioxide and water, name four other raw materials which are needed by the plants.
Q 49.
All the animals can be divided into three groups on the basis of their eating habits. Name the three groups.
Q 50.
Which of the organs perform the following functions in humans ?
(i) Absorption of food
(ii) Absorption of water
