Question:
How do antibiotics (say Penicillin) work on bacteria but not on human beings?
Answer:
Antibiotics (anti means against, biotic - living) are types of medications that destroy or slow the growth of bacteria. They are often termed as antibacterials. They work against the life processes of bacteria. They commonly block biochemical pathways important for bacteria. Many bacteria, for example, make a cell-wall to protect themselves. The antibiotic penicillin blocks the bacterial processes that build the cell wall. Thus bacteria fail to build their cell-wall, stop multiplying and die out. Human cells don’t make a cell-wall anyway so penicillin cannot have such an effect on us.
Why Do We Fall Ill?
Q 1.
Name the diseases that can spread through housefly.
Q 2.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Q 3.
Name any two diseases which are caused due to unprotected sexual intercourse.
Q 4.
State any two conditions essential for good health. [SAII-2014]
Q 5.
Common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Give reason. [SAII -2014]
Q 6.
Are the answers to the above questions (Q2 and Q5) and necessarily the same or different? Why?
Q 7.
Name the target organs for the following diseases :
(a) Hepatitis targets…………
(b) Fits or unconsciousness targets…………
(c) Pneumonia targets…………
(d) Fungal disease targets…………
Q 8.
Give an example of fungal antibiotic.
Q 9.
What is colostrum? Why is mother's milk strongly advised to newborns?
Q 10.
What causes Japanese encephalitis ? How it can be prevented ?
Q 11.
Give any four factors necessary for a healthy person.
Q 12.
“On exposure with an infectious microbe does not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease”. Do you agree ? Explain with reason. If yes, how severe infections occur in our body ?
Q 13.
What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread ?
Q 14.
In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant ?
- if you get jaundice ?
- if you get lice ?
- if you get acne. Why ?
Q 15.
Under which of the following conditions is a person most likely to fall sick ?
(a) When she is recovering from malaria.
(b) When she has recovered from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from
chickenpox.
(c) When she is on a four-day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chickenpox. Why ?
Q 16.
Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious :
(a) AIDS (b) Tuberculosis
(c) Cholera (d) High blood pressure
(e) Heart disease (f) Pneumonia
(g) Cancer
Q 17.
What is a disease ? How many types of diseases have you studied ? Give examples.
Q 18.
What do you mean by disease symptoms ? Explain giving two examples.
Q 19.
Why does intake of penicillin not affect human cells ? [SAll – 2014]
Q 20.
Give examples of Acute diseases.
Q 21.
What are congenital diseases? Give two examples of such disease.
Q 22.
List any two differences between infectious and non-infectious diseases. Write any one example of each disease.
Q 23.
Define antibiotic? Explain how it is able to control bacterial infections but not viral infections.
Q 25.
Why Colostrum is good for infants?
Q 26.
Name two diseases caused by Protozoans. What are their causal organisms ?
Q 27.
Give four modes of transmission of AIDS.
Q 28.
State any two conditions essential for being free of disease.
Q 29.
Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick ?
(a) when you are taking examinations.
(b) when you have travelled by bus and train for two days.
(c) when your friend is suffering from measles. Why ?
Q 30.
List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor ? Why or why not ?
Q 31.
How many times did you fall ill in the last one year ? What were the illnesses ? (a) Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
(b) Think of one change you would wish for in your surroundings in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
Q 32.
(a) What is immunisation ?
(b) Define immunity and vaccination.
(c) Define vaccine. .
(d) What type of diseases can be prevented through vaccination ? [SAII -2013]
Q 33.
Conduct a survey in your neighbourhood to find out what the three most common diseases are. Suggest three steps that could be taken by your local authorities to bring down the incidence of these diseases.
Q 34.
Why do some children fall ill more frequently than others living in the same locality ?
Q 35.
Define Health? What do you interpret when we say a person is in good health?
Q 36.
State any two conditions essential for being free of disease.
Q 37.
A hefty boy of 12 years often picks fights with others. Do you think he is in good health? If so, then explain your answer.
Q 38.
What is the difference between symptoms and signs of a disease?
Q 39.
What are infectious agents? What are the different infectious agents?
Q 40.
Name the pathogen causes peptic ulcer.
Q 41.
List the diseases caused by worms?
Q 42.
Name the microbe which causes acne.
Q 43.
Why are we normally advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick?
Q 44.
What are the basic principles involved in medical treatment for diseases?
Q 45.
Why are we advised to take blend and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Q 46.
What is the purpose of vaccination ?
Q 47.
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
Q 48.
List any four essential factors that must be taken icare of by an individual for keeping good health.
Q 49.
(i) What is an epidemic disease ?
(ii) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice ?
Q 50.
What is an antibiotic ? Give its one example.
