Describe severed ways offinding out about early cities. [V. Imp.]
Several ways of finding out about early cities include Jatakas, sculpture, archaeology and travellers.
Jatakas were stories composed by ordinary people and preserved by Buddhist monks.
Sculptures carved scenes depicting peoples' lives in towns and villages as well as in the forest. Many of these sculptures were used to decorate railings, pillars and gateways of buildings that were visited by people. In many cities, archaeologists have found rows of pots or ceramic rings arranged one on top of the other. These are known as ring wells, which were used as toilets and as drains and garbage dumps. These ring wells are usually found in individual houses. The accounts of sailors and travellers also help us to know about early cities. One of the most detailed accounts that has been found was by an unknown Greek Sailor. He described all the ports he visited.
If you have seen crafts persons at work, describe in a short paragraph what they do.
[Hint. How do they get the raw materials, what kind of equipment do they use, how do they work, what happens to the finished product.]
Fill in the blanks: ,
(a)……. was a word used for large landowners in TamiL
(b)The gramabhojaka' often got his land cultivated by the…………………..
(c)Ploughmen were known as ………….. in Tamil .
(d)Most grihapatis' were………….
Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?
List (he Junctions performed by men and women who live in your city and village. In what ways are these similar to those performed by people who lived in Mathura? In what ways are they different?
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i) The post of gram bhojaka was …………….
(ii)There were independent farmers also who were known as ……………………
(iii)……. literature was popular in Tamil Nadu.
(iv) The Jatakas were stories preserved by …………………
(v) The associations of crafts persons and merchants were known as ……………………….
(vi) Stamped red-glazed pottery was known as ………………. ware.
State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
(i) The ploughshare was used to increase agricultural production.
(ii)Most of the grihpatis were large landowners.
(iii)Extremely fine pottery was found in the southern part of the sub-continent,
(iv) Shrenis also served as banks where rich men and women deposited money,
(v) Arretine Ware was named after a city in Germany.