Chemistry

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Question:

Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?

Answer:

Cationic detergents such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide are used in hair shampoos and hair conditioners.

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Chemistry in Everyday Life

Q 1.

How are transparent soaps manufactured?

Q 2.

What are antiseptics?

Q 3.

Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways?

Q 4.

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Q 5.

What is meant by the term broad spectrum antibiotics? Explain.

Q 6.

Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl,   (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid   (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2

Q 7.

What is a soft soap?

Q 8.

Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

Q 9.

Sodium salts of some acids are Very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.

Q 10.

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.

Q 11.

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

Q 12.

Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

Q 13.

What is the average molecular mass of drugs?

Q 14.

Which of the following compounds are administered as ant-acids?
(a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
(c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide

Q 15.

Veronal and Luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are ………….

Q 16.

How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?

Q 17.

What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap formation.

Q 18.

What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Q 19.

Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structures of these compounds are given below:
(i)(C15H31COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl palmitate
(ii)(C17H32COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl oleate

Q 20.

Explain the term, target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.

Q 21.

Explain the cleansing action of soaps.

Q 22.

Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

Q 23.

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

Q 24.

What are antagonistic drugs?

Q 25.

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?

Q 26.

With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?

Q 27.

Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II.
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-12-chemistry-chemistry-everyday-life-15
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-12-chemistry-chemistry-everyday-life-16

Q 28.

Assertion (A): Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.

Q 29.

Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid

Q 30.

Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.

Q 31.

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?

Q 32.

In what respect do prontosil and Salvarsan resemble? Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontosil? Explain.

Q 33.

Define the term chemotherapy.

Q 34.

Define the term chemotherapy.

Q 35.

Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.

Q 36.

How are synthetic detergents better than soaps?

Q 37.

Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil

Q 38.

Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?

Q 39.

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

Q 40.

Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?

Q 41.

What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?

Q 42.

Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?

Q 43.

Assertion (A): Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.
Reason (R): Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.

Q 44.

Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Q 45.

With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?

Q 46.

Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?

Q 47.

Name the macro molecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Q 48.

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Q 49.

Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes?

Q 50.

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.