What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325
Enzyme inhibitors block the binding site of enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate and then inhibit the catalytic activity of enzyme. They act in two different ways.
(i) Drugs which compete with substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes are called competitive inhibitor.
(ii) Some drugs bind to a different site of enzyme called allosteric site. It changes the shape of the active site and substrate cannot recognize it. Such enzymes are called non-competitive inhibitor the bond formed between enzyme and an inhibitor is strong covalent bond then enzyme is blocked permanently.
Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl, (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.
Sodium salts of some acids are Very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.
Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid
What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Name two ct-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?
Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogencarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide?
Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(a) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
(b) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
(c) Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.
(d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.
Assertion (A): Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.
Reason (R): Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.
In what respect do prontosil and Salvarsan resemble? Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontosil? Explain.
What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325
With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?
Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil
Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structures of these compounds are given below:
(i)(C15H31COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl palmitate
(ii)(C17H32COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl oleate
Which of the following compounds are administered as ant-acids?
(a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
(c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide
Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent. CH3(CH2)10CH2O SO3– Na+.
Assertion (A): Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.
Reason (R): Non-competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate cannot recognize it.
Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
