Explain the term, target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.
Drugs interact with macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids thus these macro molecules are called drug targets. These macromolecules perform various functions in the body for example, proteins perform several roles in the body. Proteins which act as biological catalysts are called enzymes, those which are involved in communication system are called receptors. Carrier proteins carry polar molecules across the cell membrane. Nucleic acids have coded genetic information in the cell whereas lipids and carbohydrates form structural part of cell membranes.
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.
Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl, (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2
Sodium salts of some acids are Very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.
How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?
Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid
Which of the following compounds are administered as ant-acids?
(a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
(c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide
What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
In what respect do prontosil and Salvarsan resemble? Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontosil? Explain.
Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structures of these compounds are given below:
(i)(C15H31COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl palmitate
(ii)(C17H32COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl oleate
With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?
Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II.
Assertion (A): Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.
Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?
(a) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
(b) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(c) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
(d) Shape of receptor does not change during attachment of messenger.
Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.
Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogencarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide?
Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil
Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(a) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
(b) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
(c) Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.
(d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
If soap has high alkali content it’irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?