Question:
A scientist has come across a plant which he feels is a new species. How will he go about its identification, classification and nomenclature.
Answer:
New species of plant can be identified with the help of taxonomic keys, catalogues, monographs, floras and manuals.
(i) Key is booklet containing list of characters and their alternates which are helpful in identification of various taxa — class, order, family, genus and species.
(ii) Catalogue is list or register that enumerates methodically all the species found in a particular place, often with brief description aiding identification.
(iii) Monograph is treatise having all information about a particular taxon like family or genus.
(iv) Flora is a book containing information as to the habitat, climate, seasonal changes, distribution, description and index of plants found in a specific area.
(v) Manual is handy book containing instructions as to occurrence, collection and identification of species found in a particular area.The scientist has to study the morphological and anatomical characters of the plant parts, compare the characteristic features with the similar information available in the scientific literature and after that he can decide the exact systematic position of the plant, name it according to the rules of binomial nomenclature and fix it’s systemic position.
The Living World
Q 1.
Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells. Give three examples to support the statement.
Q 2.
What does ICZN stand for?
Q 3.
A plant may have different names in different regions of the country or world. How do botanists solve this problem?
Q 4.
Given below is the scientific name of mango. Identify the correctly written name.
Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica
Q 5.
Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or reproduction? Explain.
Q 6.
Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or reproduction? Explain.
Q 7.
What does ICZN stand for?
Q 8.
Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecular constituents of cell organelles. Justify.
Q 9.
Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in India.
Q 10.
Match the following and choose the correct option.
| A. |
Family |
(0 |
tuberosum |
| B. |
Kingdom |
(ii) |
Polymoniales |
| C. |
Order |
(iii) |
Solarium |
| D. |
Species |
(iv) |
Plantae |
| E. |
Genus |
(v) |
Solanaceae |
Options:
(a) D—(i), C—(ii), E—(iii), B—(iv), A-(v)
(b) E—(i), D—(ii), B—(iii), A—(iv), C-
(c) D-C), E—(ii), B—(iii), A—(iv), C-(v)
(d) E—(i), €—(ii), B—-(iii), A-(iv), D-(v)
Q 11.
Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
Q 12.
Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy?
Q 13.
A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look for a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what ‘Key’ the professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?
Q 14.
What is a monograph?
Q 15.
What is the similarity and dissimilarity between "whole moong daal"and "broken moong daal"in terms of respiration and growth? Based on these parameters classify them into living or nonliving?
Q 16.
Do you consider a person in coma-living or dead?
Q 17.
Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells.
Give three examples to support the statement.
Q 18.
How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism?
Q 19.
Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
(a) Species —> Order —> Phylum —> Kingdom
(b) Genus—) Species—> OrderKingdom
(c) Species —> Genus —>Order —> Phylum
Q 20.
Brassica compestris Linn
a. Give the common name of the plant.
b. What do the first two parts of the name denote?
c. Why are they written in italics?
d. What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?
Q 21.
Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand, and bacteria on the other hand.
Q 22.
Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy.
Q 23.
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) has provided a code for classification of plants. Give hierarchy of units of classification botanists follow while classifying plants and mention different’Suffixes’ used for the units.
Q 24.
What is a Monograph?
Q 26.
In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Should we call this as ‘diversity’ or ‘biodiversity’? Justify your answer.
Q 27.
What is meant by living? Give any four defining features of life forms.
Q 28.
Couplet in taxonomic key means .
Q 29.
A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume and size. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?
Q 30.
What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?
Q 31.
Why are living organisms classified?
Q 32.
Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in India.
Q 33.
Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecular constituents of cell organelles. Justify.
Q 34.
A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume and size. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?
Q 36.
Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
Q 37.
The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explain this statement?
Q 38.
How do you prepare your own herbarium sheets? What are the different tools you carry with you while collecting plants for the preparation of a herbarium? What information should a preserved plant material on the herbarium sheet provide for taxonomical studies?
Q 39.
In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Should we call this as ‘diversity' or ‘biodiversity'? Justify your answer. –
Q 40.
What are taxonomical aids? Give the importance of herbaria and museums. How are Botanical gardens and Zoological parks useful in conserving biodiversity?
Q 41.
A plant species shows several morphological
variations in response to altitudinal gradient. Whengrownundersimilarconditionsofgrowth, the morphological variations disappear and all the variants have common morphology. What are these variants called?
Q 42.
A scientist has come across a plant which he feels is a new species. How will he go about its identification, classification and nomenclature? .
Q 43.
Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomic hierarchy. Give a flow diagram from the lowest to highest category for a plant and an animal.
What happens to the number of individuals and number of shared characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy?
Q 44.
Define a taxon. Give some example of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
Q 45.
Define and understand the following terms:
(i) Phylum (ii) Class (iii) Family
(iv) Order (v) Genus
Q 46.
A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look for a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what ‘Key' the professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?
Q 47.
Do you consider a person in coma-living or dead?
Q 48.
The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explain this statement?
Q 49.
Brassica campestris Linn
(a) Give the common name of the plant.
(b) What do the first two parts of the name denote?
(c) Why are they written in italics?
(d) What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?
Q 50.
Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomic hierarchy? Give a flow diagram from the lowest to highest category for a plant and an animal. What happens to the number of individuals and number of shared characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy?
