Define and understand the following terms:
(i) Phylum (ii) Class (iii) Family
(iv) Order (v) Genus
(i) Phylum – Phylum is a category higher than that of Class. The term Phylum is used for animals. A Phylum is formed of one or more classes, e.g., the Phylum Chordata of animals contains not only the class Mammalia but also Aves (birds), Reptilia (reptiles), Amphibia (amphibians), etc. In plants the term Division is used in place of Phylum.
(ii) Class – A Class is made of one or more related Orders. For example, the Class Dicotyledoneae of flowering plants contains all dicots which are grouped into several orders (e.g., Rosales, Sapindales, Ranales, etc.).
(iii) Family, – It is a taxonomic category which contains one or more related genera. All the genera of a family have some common features or correlated characters. They are separable from genera of a related family by important and characteristic differences in both vegetative and reproductive features. E.g., the genera of cats (Fells) and leopard (Panthera) are included in the Family Felidae. The members of Family Felidae are quite distinct from those of Family Canidae (dogs, foxes, wolves).
Similarly, the family Solanaceae contains a number of genera like Solanum, Datura, Petunia and Nicotiana. They are distinguishable from the genera of the related family Convolvulaceae (Convolvulus, Ipomoea).
(iv) Order – The category includes one or more related families. E.g., the plant Family Solanaceae is placed in the Order Polemoniales alongwith four other related families (Convolvulaceae, Boraginaceae, Hydrophyllaceae and Polemoniaceae). Similarly, the animal families Felidae and Canidae are included under the Order Carnivora alongwith Hyaenidae (hyaenas) and Ursidae (bears).
(v) Genus – It is a group or assemblage of related species which resemble one another in certain correlated characters. Correlated characters are those similar or common features which are used in delimitation of a taxon above the rank of species. All the species of genus are presumed to have evolved from a common ancestor. A genus may have a single living species e.g., Genus Homo. Its species is Homo sapiens – the living or modem man. The Genus Felis has many species, e.g., F. domestica – common cat, F. chaus (jungle cat) etc.
Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells. Give three examples to support the statement.
Match the following and choose the correct option.
A. | Family | (0 | tuberosum |
B. | Kingdom | (ii) | Polymoniales |
C. | Order | (iii) | Solarium |
D. | Species | (iv) | Plantae |
E. | Genus | (v) | Solanaceae |
Options:
(a) D—(i), C—(ii), E—(iii), B—(iv), A-(v)
(b) E—(i), D—(ii), B—(iii), A—(iv), C-
(d) E—(i), €—(ii), B—-(iii), A-(iv), D-(v)
Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or reproduction? Explain.
Given below is the scientific name of mango. Identify the correctly written name.
Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica
Brassica compestris Linn
a. Give the common name of the plant.
b. What do the first two parts of the name denote?
c. Why are they written in italics?
d. What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?
What is the similarity and dissimilarity between "whole moong daal"and "broken moong daal"in terms of respiration and growth? Based on these parameters classify them into living or nonliving?
Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in India.
Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand, and bacteria on the other hand.
Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy.
Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
(a) Species —> Order —> Phylum —> Kingdom
(b) Genus—) Species—> OrderKingdom
(c) Species —> Genus —>Order —> Phylum
Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecular constituents of cell organelles. Justify.
A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume and size. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?
Define and understand the following terms:
(i) Phylum (ii) Class (iii) Family
(iv) Order (v) Genus
In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Should we call this as ‘diversity' or ‘biodiversity'? Justify your answer. –
Brinjal and potato belong to the same genus Solarium, but to two different species. What defines them as separate species?