Mammals are most adapted among the vertebrates. Elaborate.
Mammals are most adapted among the vertebrates. This can be elaborated by the following characteristics of mammals.
(i) They are found in a variety of habitats like polar ice caps, mountains, deserts, forests and oceans.
(ii) Most of them are terrestrial but some of them are adapted to fly (Bat) or live in water (Whale).
(iii) They have 2 pairs of limbs, adapted for walking, running, climbing, burrowing, swimming or flying.
(iv) They have mammary glands and are the only animals which nourish their young . ones with milk.
(v) They are capable of learning due to presence of developed brain and thus are dominant animals.
(vi) Presence of muscular diaphragm is a characteristic feature of mammals which help in breathing.
(vii) Four-chambered heart pumps only oxygenated blood.
(viii) A well developed placenta is present except in egg laying mammals.
(ix) They are warm blooded, capable of maintaining constant body temperature. E.g., Macropus (Kangaroo), Equus (Horse), Macaca (Monkey) etc.
Sort out the animals on the basis of their symmetry (radial or bilateral) coelenterates, ctenophores, annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms.
Give one example each for an animal possessing placoid scales and that with cycloid scales.
Write one example each of the following in the space provided.
(a) Cold blooded animal_______
(b) Warm blooded animal_______
(c) Animal possessing dry and cornified skin_______
(d) Dioecious animal_______
There has been an increase in the number of chambers in heart during evolution of vertebrates. Give the names of the class of vertebrates having two, three or four-cham-bered heart.
There has been an increase in the number of chambers in heart during evolution of vertebrates. Give the names of the class of vertebrates having two, three or four-chambered heart.
Match the following.
Animals Locomotory Organ
(a) Octopus (i) Limbs
(b) Crocodile (ii) Comb plates
(c) Catla (iii) Tentacles
(d) Ctenoplana (iv) Fins
Identify the phylum in which adults exhibit radial symmetry and larva exhibit bilateral symmetry.
Endoparasites are found inside the host body. Mention the special structure, possessed by these and which enables them to survive in those conditions.
Match the following list of animals with their level of organization.
| Division of Labour | Animal | ||
| A. | Organ level | (i) | Pheretima |
| B. | Cellular aggregate level | (ii) | Fasciola |
| C. | Tissue level | (iii) | Spongilla |
| D. | Organ system level | (iv) | Obelia |
Choose the correct match showing division of labour with animal example.
Match the following and write correct choice in space provided.
| Animal | Characteristics | ||
| a. | Pila | (i) | Jointed appendages |
| b. | Cockroach | (ii) | Perching |
| c. | Asterias | . (iii) | Water vascular system |
| d. | Torpedo | (iv) | Electric organ |
| e. | Parrot | (v) | Presence of shell |
| f. | Dog fish | (vi) | Placoid scales |
Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother be equal? Why?
Endoparasites are found inside the host body. Mention the special structure, possessed by these and which enables them to survive in those conditions.
Name
(a) A limbless animal
(b) A cold blooded animal
(c) A warm blooded animal
(d) An animal possessing dry and cornified skin
(e) An animal having canal system and spicules
(f) An animal with cnidoblasts
Match the following and write correct choice in space provided
Animal Characteristics
(a) Pila (i) Jointed appendages
(b) Cockroach (ii) Perching
(c) Asterias (iii) Water vascular system
(d) Torpedo (iv) Electric organ
(e) Parrot (v) Presence of shell
(f) Dogfish (vi) Placoidscales
(a)______, (b)______, (c)______, (d)______,
(e)______, (f)______
Fill up the blank spaces appropriately.
|
Phylum/ Class |
Excretory Organ |
Circulatory Organ |
Respiratory Organ |
| Arthropoda | A | B . | Lungs/Gills/ Tracheal System |
| C | Nephridia | Closed | Skin/Parapodia |
| D | Metanephridia | Open | E |
| Amphibia | F | Closed | Lung |
Comment upon the habitats and external features of animals belonging to class, amphibia and reptilia.
How useful is the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom in the classification of animals?
Mention two similarities between:
Aves and mammals
A frog and crocodile ‘
A turtle and pila
Match the following:
| a. | Amphibia | (i) | Air bladder |
| b. | Mammals | (ii) | Cartilagenous notochord |
| c. | Chondrichthyes | (hi) | Mammary glands |
| d. | Osteichthyes | (iv) | Pneumatic bones |
| e. | Cyclostomata | (v) | Dual habitat |
| f. | Aves | (vi) | Sucking and circular mouth without jaws |
Name
a. A limbless animal ‘
b. A cold blooded animal
c. A warm blooded animal
d. An animal possessing dry and comified skin
e. An animal having canal system and spicules
f. An animal with cnidoblasts
Excretory organs of different animals are given below. Choose correctly and write in the space provided.
| Animal | Excetory Organ/Unit | ||
| a. | Balanoglossus | (i) | Metanephridia |
| b. | Leech | (ii) | Nephridia |
| c. | Locust | (iii) | Flame cells |
| d. | Liver fluke | (iv) | Absent |
| e. | Sea urchin | (v) | Malpighian tubule |
| f. | Pila | (vi) | Proboscis gland |
Sort out the animals on the basis of their symmetry (radial or bilateral) coelenterates, ctenophores, annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms.
Name the animal, which exhibits the phenomenon of bioluminescence. Mention the phylum to which it belongs.
Write one example each of the following in the space provided.
a. Cold blooded animal
b. Warm blooded animal
c. Animal possessing dry and comified skin
d. Dioecious animal
Give an example for the following:
a. Roundworm
b. Fish possessing poison sting
c. A limbless reptile/amphibian .
d. An oviparous mammal
Provide appropriate technical term in the space provided.
a. Blood-filled cavity in arthropods _________
b. Free-floating form of cnidaria _________
c. Stinging organ of jelly fishes _________
d. Lateral appendages in aquatic annelids _________
Give an example for each of the following:
a. A viviparous animal
b. A fish possessing a poison sting
c. A fish possessing an electric organ
d. An organ, which regulates buoyancy
e. Animal, which exhibits alternation of generation
f. Oviparous animal with mammary gland.
Mention two similarities between
(a) Aves and mammals
(b) A frog and crocodile
(c) A turtle and Pila
Differentiate between:
a. Open and closed circulatory system .
b. Oviparity and viviparity
c. Direct and indirect development
d. Aceolomate and pseudocoelomate
e. Notochord and nerve cord
f. Polyp and medusa
Give three major differences between chordates and non-chordates and draw a schematic sketch of a chordate showing those features.
Mention one example each for animals with chitinous exoskeleton and those covered by a calcareous shell.
Match the following
(a) Amphibia (i) Air bladder
(b) Mammals (ii) Cartilaginous notochord
(c) Chondrichthyes (iii) Mammary glands
(d) Osteichthyes (iv) Pneumatic bones
(e) Cyclostomata (v) Dual habitat
(f) Aves (vi) Sucking and circular mouth without jaws.
Identify the phylum in which adults exhibit radial symmetry and larva exhibit bilateral symmetry.
What is the relationship between germinal layers and the formation of body cavity in case of coelomate, acoelomates and pseudocoetomates?
