India is a federal country.' Explain by giving examples.[CBSE Sept. 2012, 2013]
Or
Explain the three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
Or
Mention any five main features which make India a federal country. [CBSE 2013]
(i) Division of powers : The Constitution demarcates the powers of the central and the state governments into different lists of subjects. There are three lists :
(i) Union List.
(ii) State List.
(iii) Concurrent List.
(ii) Three-tier system : As discussed earlier, under a federal government different tiers of the government govern the same citizens. This is true for India. In India, we have a three-tier system of government, i.e.,
• Union Government
• State Government
• Local Self-Government.
(iii) Not equal powers to all administrative units : Most of the federations that are formed by ‘holding together' do not give equal powers to its constituent units. Thus, all states in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Some states enjoy a special status. Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this state without the permission of the state assembly.
(iv) Consent of both the levels of the government : Under a federal government, the fundamental provisions cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of the government, and the same is true for India. The Parliament cannot on its own change the fundamental structure of the Constitution.
implementation of constitutional provisions and procedures. The same is true for India. In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the Supreme Court take a decision.
(vi) Separate sources of income : A clear mention regarding the financial powers of the centre and the states has been made in the Indian Constitution. Income tax, excise duty, corporation tax, etc., are levied and collected by the central government, whereas land revenue, stamp duty, building tax, etc., come under the state government.
Categorise the following under Union list or Concurrent list.
(i) Currency (ii) Education
Mention any two subjects which are r included in the union list. Explain by giving reasons why these are included in the union list.
Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2010, 14]
Which law will remain prevalent if there is any conflict over a subject mentioned in the Concurrent list?
There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.' Name the two routes by giving one example of each.
Mention any four features of federalism. [CBSE 2008, 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Explain four features of the federal form of government. [CBSE 2008 Comp. (O) (D)]
The sharing of power between the Union government and the state governments is basic to the structure of the Indian Constitution'. Explain.
Explain the major key features of federalism.
Or
Describe any four features of the federalism. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Restructuring the Centre-State relations is an important way in which the Indian Federalism has been strengthened in practice.' Explain.
"Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government". What key changes were brought in the political system under the above mentioned shift ?
Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages ? [CBSE 2008 (Compt)]
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to any one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Some subjects have been mentioned below. Categorise them into Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
(i) Education (ii) Currency (iii) Police (iv) Forest (v) Banking (vi) Communication
Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the Icoal self-governments in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2011, 14]
Should Panchayats be given judicial power to punish the anti social elements of its area ? Give your suggestions with arguments. [CBSE 2014]
"Federal power sharing is more effective today than it was in the early years after the Constitution came into force". Explain.
Or
How is federal power sharing more effective today than in the early years ? Explain.
What is decentralisation ? What is the importance or need for decentralisation ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 14]
Or
"Do you take decentralisation as a mean to minimise the conflicts ?"Give your view point. [CBSE 2014]
How is the Indian federal system different from that of Sri Lanka ? Explain by giving three examples.