Explain the major key features of federalism.
Or
Describe any four features of the federalism. [CBSE 2011, 14]
(i) Two or more levels of government :
Federalism is a system of government in which the governmental power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country, and the other governments at the state or provincial level. ,
(ii) Same Citizens Separate jurisdiction : Different tiers of the government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(iii) Superiority of Constitution : The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of the government are specified in the Constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of the government are constitutionally safeguarded. ‘
(iv) Rigid Constitution : The fundamental provisions of the Constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of the government. Such changes require the consent of the both the levels of the government.
(v) Supreme authority of the courts : Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution, and the powers of different levels of the government. The highest court acts as an umpire in case of disputes arising between different levels of the government in the exercise of their respective powers, (of) Dual objectives : The federal system,
thus has dual objectives : to safeguard and promote the unity of the country, while at the same time, to accommodate the regional diversity.
Categorise the following under Union list or Concurrent list.
(i) Currency (ii) Education
Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2010, 14]
Mention any two subjects which are r included in the union list. Explain by giving reasons why these are included in the union list.
Which law will remain prevalent if there is any conflict over a subject mentioned in the Concurrent list?
Mention any four features of federalism. [CBSE 2008, 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Explain four features of the federal form of government. [CBSE 2008 Comp. (O) (D)]
There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.' Name the two routes by giving one example of each.
The sharing of power between the Union government and the state governments is basic to the structure of the Indian Constitution'. Explain.
Explain the major key features of federalism.
Or
Describe any four features of the federalism. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Restructuring the Centre-State relations is an important way in which the Indian Federalism has been strengthened in practice.' Explain.
Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages ? [CBSE 2008 (Compt)]
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to any one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
How is the Indian federal system different from that of Sri Lanka ? Explain by giving three examples.
"Federal power sharing is more effective today than it was in the early years after the Constitution came into force". Explain.
Or
How is federal power sharing more effective today than in the early years ? Explain.
Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the Icoal self-governments in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2011, 14]
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. [CBSE 2011]
What is the rationale for decentralization of power ? Describe the functions of Rural Local Government. [CBSE 2013]
"Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government". What key changes were brought in the political system under the above mentioned shift ?
"The creation of linguistic states was the first and major test for democratic politics in our country."Justify this statement. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Explain the advantages of decentrali ¬sation. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 14]
Or .
Explain any four features of the third tier of government. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Give two arguments in favour of decentralisation of powers to local governments. Give two provisions under the amendment of 1992 which empowers local governments in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
OR
Assess the need for local government. [CBSE 2012, 14]