Biology

Life Processes

Question:

What are chemotrophs?

Answer:

Chemotrophs are organisms, which do not require light. They manufacture their food from inorganic substances in the presence of energy derived from the oxidation of simple inorganic compounds of iron, sulphur, etc.
e.g. bacterium Nitrosomonas.

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Life Processes

Q 1.

What substances enter into the food vacuole in Amoeba to break down the food ?

Q 2.

Name the organs of breathing in fish.

Q 3.

Explain why, it is dangerous to inhale air containing carbon monoxide.

Q 4.

What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?

Q 5.

What is the mode of nutrition in fungi ?

Q 6.

Name the biological catalysts which bring about chemical digestion of food.

Q 7.

Define (2) saprophyte, and (22) parasite. Name two saprophytes and two parasites.

Q 8.

(a) Define nutrition. Why is nutrition necessary for an organism ?
(b) What are the different modes of nutrition ? Explain with one example of each mode of nutrition.
(c) Name the mode of nutrition in (i) roundworm, and (ii) Plasmodium.

Q 9.

Name the pores in a leaf through which respiratory exchange of gases takes place.

Q 10.

Name the red pigment which carries oxygen in blood.

Q 11.

Name the energy currency in the living organisms. When and where is it produced?

Q 12.

Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes
(a) Trypsin (b) Amylase (c) Pepsin (d) Lipase

Q 13.

Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.

Q 14.

Explain the importance of soil for plant growth.

Q 15.

Mention the raw materials required for photosynthesis.

Q 16.

In mammals and birds why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood ?

Q 17.

Draw a neat diagram of excretory system of human beings and label the following:
(i) Kidney
(ii) Ureter
(iii) Urinary Bladder
(iv) Urethra

Q 18.

(a) Draw a diagram to show the nutrition in Amoeba and label the parts used for this purpose. Mention any other purpose served by this part other than nutrition.
(b) Name the glands associated with digestion of starch in human digestive tract and mention their role.
(c) How is required pH maintained in the stomach and small intestine?

Q 19.

Apart from sunlight and chlorophyll, what other things are required to make food by photosynthesis ?

Q 20.

Where is chlorophyll mainly present in a plant ?

Q 21.

Name an animal whose process of obtaining food is called phagocytosis.

Q 22.

All the animals can be divided into three groups on the basis of their eating habits. Name the three groups.

Q 23.

What is the scientific name of the animals which are :
(i) only meat eaters ?
(ii) only plant eaters ?
(iii) both, plant and meat eaters ?

Q 24.

How does Amoeba engulf the food particle ?

Q 25.

What is the other name of food pipe ?

Q 26.

What is the name of tiny projections on the inner surface of small intestine which help in absorbing the digested food ?

Q 27.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
(a) All green plants are…………..
(b) All non-green plants and animals are…………
(c) Heterotrophs depend on…….. and other……………… for food,
(d) Green plants use……… ,………… and………… to make food.
(e) Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with………………

Q 28.

(a) What is chlorophyll ? What part does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis ?
(b) (i) Which simple food is prepared first in the process of photosynthesis ?
(ii) Name the food which gets stored in plant leaves.

Q 29.

(a) What are autotrophs ? Give one example of autotrophs.
(b) What are the conditions necessary for autotrophic nutrition ?

Q 30.

(a) How does carbon dioxide from the air enter the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?
(b) How does water from the soil reach the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?

Q 31.

What substances are contained in pancreatic juice ? What are their functions ?

Q 32.

(a) Which part of the body secretes bile ? Where is bile stored ? What is the function of bile ?
(b) What is trypsin ? What is its function ?

Q 33.

Name the following :
(a) The process in plants which converts light energy into chemical energy.
(b) Organisms that cannot prepare their own food.
(c) Organisms that can prepare their own food.
(d) The cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
(e) The cells which surround a stomatal pore.
(f) An enzyme secreted by gastric glands in stomach which acts on proteins.

Q 34.

Name the substance whose build up in the muscles during vigorous physical exercise may cause cramps.

Q 35.

What is the name of the extensions of the epidermal cells of a root which help in respiration ?

Q 36.

Out of photosynthesis and respiration in plants, which process occurs :
(a) all the time ?
(b) only at daytime ?

Q 37.

Name an animal which absorbs oxygen through its moist skin.

Q 38.

Name two animals which breathe through gills.

Q 39.

Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place ?

Q 40.

What is the name of tiny air-sacs at the end of smallest bronchioles in the lungs ?

Q 41.

What organs are attached to the two bronchi ?

Q 42.

In the lungs :
(a) what substance is taken into the body ?
(b) what substance is removed from the body ?

Q 43.

State whether the following statements are true or false :
(a) During respiration, the plants take C02 and release 02.
(b) Energy can be produced in cells without oxygen.
(c) Fish and earthworm exchange gases during respiration in the same way.

Q 44.

Explain why, a land plant may die if its roots remain water logged for a long time.

Q 45.

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Name some organisms that use anaerobic mode of respiration.

Q 46.

What type of respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous physical exercise ? Give reason for your answer.

Q 47.

Name the type of respiration in which the end products are :
(a) C2H,OH and C02
(b) C02 and H20
(c) Lactic acid
Give one example of each case where such a respiration can occur.

Q 48.

Define breathing. State the differences between breathing and respiration.

Q 49.

What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms ? Give one example of each.

Q 50.

Explain why, when air is taken in and let out during breathing, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air.