Chemistry

Structure of the Atom


All about Names of the Chemical Elements


1. There are 115 chemical elements known today to the world. Only 90 are found in nature and the rest are artificially created.

2. A good number of elements are named after human beings and mythological figures.
3. Many common element have their names derived from their Latin or Greek names.

4. Elements have been named after heavenly bodies, countries, cities, colours and their properties.

5. According to IUPAC standard, newly discovered elements must have names ending with "ium".

6. Element Names after Gods and Goddesses

God or Goddess Element Name
GoblinCobalt
TitansTitanium
ThorThorium
PrometheusPromethium
Vanadis (Frejya)Vanadium
NiobeNiobium
TantalosTantalum

7. Element Names after Heavenly Bodies (Planets, Dwarf Planets etc.) Few are the names of God and Goddesses also. e.g. Ceres - a dwarf planet - named after Roman god of agriculture.

Heavenly Body Element Name
SunHelium
Sun (Aurum)Gold (Au)
NeptuneNeptunium
PlutoPlutonium
Earth (tellus)Tellurium
MoonSelenium
Moon (Argentum)Silver(Ag)
UranusUranium
CeresCerium
Mercury (Hydragium)Mercury (Hg)
Mars (Ferrum)Iron (Fe)
Venus (Cuprum)Copper (Cu)
Saturn (Plumbum)Lead (Pb)
Jupiter (Stanum)Tin (Sn)

8. Element Names after Countries or Cities or Places

Country/City Element Name
AmericaAmericium
CyprusCopper
EuropeEuropium
France (Gaul)Francium, Gallium
GermanyGermanium
ScandinaviaScandium
PolandPolonium
Russia (Ruthenia)Ruthenium
California, USACalifornium
Magnesia (Greece)Magnesium
Hess, GermanyHassium
Rhine, GermanyRhenium
Darmstadt, GermanyDarmstadium
Stockholm (Holmia)Holmium
Ytterby, SwedenYttrium, Ytterbium, Erbium, Terbium
Dubna, RussiaDubnium
Copenhagen (Hafnia)Hafnium
Paris (Lutetia)Lutetium
Berkeley, USABerkelium


9. After Scientists

Name of the Scientist Element Name
Albert EinsteinEinstenium
Marie CurieCurium
Niels BohrBohrium
MendeleyevMendelevium
Alfred NobelNobelium
Rutherford Rutherfordium
Enrico FermiFermium
RoentgenRoentgenium
GadolinGadolinium
SeaborgSeaborgium
LawrenceLawrencium
MeitnerMeitnerium

10. Elements named after properties

Property or Feature Element Name
Water Forming
(hydros + geinomai)
Hydrogen
Acid Forming
(oxys + geinomai)
Oxygen
Nitre Forming
(nitron/soda + geinomai)
Nitrogen
To Flow (Fluere)Fluorine
Magnetic (magnes)Manganese
Inactive (argos)Argon
Stranger/Unknown
(xenon)
Xenon
Hidden (kryptos)Krypton
Artificial (technetos)Technetium
Unstable (astatos)Astatine
Stench (bromos)Bromine
Not Alone (anti + monos)Antimony
Heavy (barys)Barium
Hard to obtain (dysprositos)Dysprosium
Smell (osme)Osmium
To lie hidden (lanthanein)Lanthanum

11. Named after colours and appearances

Colour Element Name
Colour (chroma)Chromium
Deep Red (rubidus)Rubidium
Rainbow (iris)Iridium

Rose (rhodon)
Rhodium
Pale Green (chloros)Chlorine
White (wiesse masse)Bismuth
Golden Yellow (zargun)Zirconium
IndigoIndium
Violet (iodes)Iodine
Yellow orpiment (arsenicum)Arsenic
Green Twig (thallos)Thallium
Sky blue (caesius)Caesium

12. Elements are named after minerals

Mineral Element Name
Charcoal (carbo)Carbon
Stone (lithos)Lithium
Lime (calx)Calcium
Earth (tellus)Tellurium
Calamine (cadmia)Cadmium
Devil's Copper (kupfernickel)Nickel
Alum (alumen)Aluminium
Heavy Stone (tungs sten)Tungsten
Samarskite Samarium


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Notes


Structure of the Atom - Notes
1. Drawback of Rutherford’s Model of the Atom
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2. Rutherford’s Experiment - Discovery of Nucleus
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3. For the symbols H, D and T,tabulate three sub-atomic particles found in each of them.
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4. Structure of The Atom - Study Points
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5. 4.Isotopes of Neon.
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6. Radioactive Isotopes
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7. 3.Isotopes of Oxygen.
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8. Nucleus
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9. Characteristics of a Neutron
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10. Arrangement Of Electrons In The Atoms
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11. (d) Covalency of Nitrogen
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12. Characteristics of an Electron
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13. Limitations of Rutherford's model of the atom
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14. (b) Valency of Magnesium
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15. How to learn naming Chemical Formulae?
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16. All about Names of the Chemical Elements
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17. 1. Isotopes of Hydrogen.
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18. Mass Number
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19. (d) Valency of Chlorine
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20. Characteristics of a Proton
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21. Comparison between Proton, Neutron and Electron
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22. Electronic Configurations of First 20 Elements
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23. Discovery of Neutron
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24. Thomson's Model Of The Atom
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25. Isotopes
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26. (e) Valency of Oxygen
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27. Rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first 18 elements
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28. Covalency of Oxygen
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29. 2.Covalency
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30. (a) Covalency of Hydrogen
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31. Bohr's Model Of The Atom
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32. Discovery Of Electron
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33. (a) Valency of Sodium
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34. Rutherford's Model Of The Atom
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35. 2.Isotopes of Carbon.
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36. Atomic Number
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37. The Physical Properties of the Isotopes of an Element are Different
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38. Charged Particles in Matter
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39. Discovery of Proton
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40. All the Isotopes of an Element Have Identical Chemical Properties
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41. Valaency Of Elements
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42. Relationship Between Mass Number and Atomic Number
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43. (f) Valency of Nitrogen
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44. Electronic Configurations of Noble Gases (or Inert Gases)
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45. Valaence Electrons (Or Valancy Electrons)
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46. Covalency of Chlorine
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47. Cause of Chemical Combination
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48. Reason for the Fractional Atomic Masses of Elements
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49. Relation Between Valency and Valence Electrons
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50. (c) Valency of Aluminium
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