Chemistry

Structure of the Atom


1. Isotopes of Hydrogen.


The hydrogen element has three isotopes having the same atomic number of 1 but different mass numbers of 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The three isotopes of hydrogen can be represented as :
A= 11H A= 21H and A= 31H
The three isotopes of hydrogen, ]H, ?H and have been given the special names of protium, deuterium and tritium respectively.
(i) Protium is the ordinary hydrogen isotope of mass number 1. Protium is represented as A= 11H .Protium does not have a special symbol.
(ii) Deuterium is the heavy hydrogen isotope of mass number 2.Deuterium is represented as A= 21H.The special symbol of deuterium is D.
(iii) Tritium is the very heavy hydrogen isotope of mass number 3.Tritium is represented as A= 31H.The special symbol of tritium is T.
Thus,we can now say that hydrogen element has three isotopes :protium,deuterium and tritium,having the same atomic number of 1 but different mass numbers of 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
The complete composition of the three isotopes of hydrogen is given below :
NameIsotopeProtonsNeutronsElectrons
Protium
Deuterium
Tritium
A= 11H
A= 21H
A= 31H
1
1
1
0
1
2
1
1
1

It is clear from the above table that all the isotopes of hydrogen contain 1 proton and 1 electron each but they contain 0,1 and 2 neutrons respectively. Please note that the ordinary hydrogen isotope (protium) does not contain any neutron ; the heavy hydrogen isotope (deuterium) contains 1 neutron ; whereas the very heavy hydrogen isotope (tritium) contains 2 neutrons.
The diagrams of the three isotopes of hydrogen are given below :

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Notes


Structure of the Atom - Notes
1. Drawback of Rutherford’s Model of the Atom
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2. Rutherford’s Experiment - Discovery of Nucleus
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3. For the symbols H, D and T,tabulate three sub-atomic particles found in each of them.
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4. 4.Isotopes of Neon.
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5. Structure of The Atom - Study Points
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6. 3.Isotopes of Oxygen.
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7. Radioactive Isotopes
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8. Characteristics of a Neutron
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9. Nucleus
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10. Arrangement Of Electrons In The Atoms
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11. Characteristics of an Electron
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12. (b) Valency of Magnesium
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13. Limitations of Rutherford's model of the atom
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14. Mass Number
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15. All about Names of the Chemical Elements
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16. (d) Covalency of Nitrogen
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17. How to learn naming Chemical Formulae?
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18. 1. Isotopes of Hydrogen.
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19. Characteristics of a Proton
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20. Comparison between Proton, Neutron and Electron
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21. Electronic Configurations of First 20 Elements
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22. Thomson's Model Of The Atom
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23. Discovery of Neutron
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24. (e) Valency of Oxygen
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25. (d) Valency of Chlorine
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26. Rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first 18 elements
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27. Isotopes
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28. 2.Covalency
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29. (a) Covalency of Hydrogen
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30. Covalency of Oxygen
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31. Bohr's Model Of The Atom
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32. Rutherford's Model Of The Atom
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33. 2.Isotopes of Carbon.
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34. Discovery Of Electron
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35. The Physical Properties of the Isotopes of an Element are Different
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36. Atomic Number
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37. Charged Particles in Matter
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38. (a) Valency of Sodium
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39. All the Isotopes of an Element Have Identical Chemical Properties
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40. Discovery of Proton
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41. Valaency Of Elements
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42. Relationship Between Mass Number and Atomic Number
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43. (f) Valency of Nitrogen
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44. Valaence Electrons (Or Valancy Electrons)
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45. Electronic Configurations of Noble Gases (or Inert Gases)
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46. Covalency of Chlorine
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47. Cause of Chemical Combination
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48. Reason for the Fractional Atomic Masses of Elements
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49. Applications of Radioactive Isotopes
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50. Relation Between Valency and Valence Electrons
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