Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following ethers by Williamson's synthesis:
(i)1-Propoxypropane
(ii)Ethoxybenzene
(iii)2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv)1-Methoxyethane
Give equations of the following reactions:
(i)Oxidation of propan-l-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution.
(ii)Bromine in CS2 with phenol.
(iii)Dilute HNO3 acid with phehoL
(iv)Treating phenol with chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH.
Assertion (A): Phenols give o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol on nitration with cone. HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture.
Reason (R): -OH group in phenol is o-,p-directing.
Explain why alcohols and ethers of comparable molecular mass have different boiling points.
Explain the following with an example
(i) Kolbe's reaction (ii) Reimer – Tiemann reaction –
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis (iv) Unsymmetrical ether
Assertion (A): Boiling points of alcohols and ethers are high.
Reason (R): They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Mark the correct increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds with HBr/HCl.
Assertion (A): p-Nitrophcnol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R): Nitro group helps in the stabilization of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.
How is 1-propoxypropane synthesised from propan-l-ol? Write the mechanism of this reaction.
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidity and give a suitable explanation:
Phenol, o-Nitrophenol, o-Cresol
Assertion (A): Bond angle in ethers is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle. Reason (R): There is a repulsion between the two bulky (-R) groups.
Assertion (A): o-Nitrophenol is less soluble in water than the m- and p-isomers.
Reason (R): m-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol exists as associated molecules.
Write the equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(ii) Kolbe's reaction
Write structures of the compounds whose IUPAC names are as follows:
(i)2-Methylbutan-2-ol
(ii)l-Phcnylpropan-2-ol
(iii)3,5-DimethyIhexane-l,3,5-triol
(iv)2,3-Dicthylphenol
(v)1-Ethoxypropane
(vi)2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
(vii) Cyclohexylmethanol
(viii) 3-Cyclohexylpcntan-3-ol
(ix)Cyclopcnt-3-en-l-ol
(x)4-ChIoro-3-ethylbutan-l-ol
Explain how does the – OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Name the enzymes and write the reactions involved in the preparation of ethanol from sucrose by fermentation.
Predict the major product of acid catalysed dehydration of
(i) 1-nicthylcyclohcxanoland
(ii) butan-1-ol
Alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. Explain this fact.
Explain why is OH group in phenols more strongly held as compared to OH group in alcohols.
Why is the reactivity of all three classes of alcohols with cone. HCl and ZnCl2 (Lucas reagent) different?
Why is the C – O – H bond angle‘in alcohols slightly less than the tetrahedral angle whereas the C – O – C bond angle in ether is slightly greater?
Assertion (A): IUPAC name of the compound
Reason (R): In IUPAC nomenclature, ether is regarded as hydrocarbon derivative in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by -OR or -OAr group [where R = alkyl group and Ar = aryl group]
Assertion (A): Ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol.
Reason (R): Sodium ethoxide may be prepared by the reaction of ethanol with aqueous NaOH.
Explain a process in which a biocatalyst is used in industrial preparation of a compound known to you.
Which of the following is an appropriate set of reactants for the preparation of l-methoxy-4- nitrobenzene and why?
Which of the following reagents can be used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes?
(a) CrO3 in anhydrous medium
(b) KMnO4 in acidic medium
(c) Pyridinium chlorochromate
(d) Heat in the presence of Cu at 573 K
Phenol can be distinguished from ethanol by the reactions with ………….
(a) Br2/water (b) Na
(c) Neutral FeCl3 (d) All of these
Write the structures of the isomers of alcohols with molecular formula C4H10O. Which one of these isomers exhibits optical activity?
In Kolbe's reaction, instead of phenol, phenoxide ion is treated with carbon dioxide. Why?
