Explain why is there a phenomenal decrease in ionization enthalpy from carbon to silicon.
Because there is increase in atomic size on moving from carbon to silicon, the screening effect increases. Thus the force of attraction of nucleus for the valence electron decreases as compared to carbon. Thus the ionization enthapy decreases from carbon to silicon.
A certain salt X, gives the following results.
(i) Its aqueous solution is alkaline to litmus.
(ii) It swells up to a glassy material Y on strong heating.
(iii) When cone.H2SO4is added to a hot solution of X, white crystal of an acid Z separates out.
Assertion (A): If aluminium atoms replace a few silicon atoms in three dimensional network of silicon dioxide, the overall structure acquires a negative charge.
Reason (R): Aluminium is trivalent while silicon is tetravalent.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) Both A and R are not correct.
(d) A is not correct but R is correct.
What are electron deficient compounds? Are BCl3 and SiCl4 electron deficient species? Explain.
Give one method for industrial preparation and one for laboratory preparation of CO and C02 each.
Thermodynamically the most stable form of carbon is
(a)diamond (b) graphite (c) fullerenes (d) coal
Give reasons:
(a) Why do Boron halides form addition compound with NH3?
(b) The tendency for catenation decreases down the group in Group 14.
(c) PbO2 is a stronger oxidising agent than SnO2.
Catenation, i.e., linking •of similar atoms depends on size and electronic configuration of atoms. The tendency of catenation in Group 14 elements follows the order
(a) C > Si > Ge > Sn
(b) C » Si > Ge = Sn
(c) Si > C > Sn > Ge
(d) Ge > Sn > Si > C
The reason for small radius of Ga compared to Al is_________ .
(a) poor screening effect of d and f orbitals
(b) increase in nuclear charge
(c) presence of higher orbitals
(d) higher atomic number
The+1 oxidation state in group 13 and +2 oxidation state in group 14 becomes more and more stable with increasing atomic number. Explain.
Explain the following:
Boric acid is an acid because its molecule
(a) contains replaceable H+ ion
(b) gives up a proton.
(c)accepts OH–from water releasing proton.
(d) combines with proton from water molecule.
In the structure of diborane
(a) all hydrogen atoms lie in one plane and boron atoms lie in a plane perpendicular to this plane.
(b) 2 boron atoms and 4 terminal hydrogen atoms lie in the same plane and 2 bridging hydrogen atoms lie in the perpendicular plane.
(c) 4 bridging hydrogen atoms and boron atoms lie in one plane and two terminal hydrogen atoms lie in a plane perpendicular to this plane.
(d) all the atoms are in the same plane.
What happens when
(i) Quick lime is heated with coke?
(ii) Carbon monoxide reacts with Cl2?
Give reason.
(i) C and Si are always tetravalent but Ge, Sn, Pb show divalency.
(ii) Gallium has higher ionization enthalpy than Al. Explain.
A compound X, of boron reacts with NH3 on heating to give another compound Y which is called inorganic benzene. The compound X can be prepared by treating BF3 with lithium aluminium hydride. The compounds X and Y are represented by the formulas.
(a) B2H6,B3N3H6
(b) B203, B3N3H6
(c) BF3, B3N3H6
(d) B3N3H6 , B2H6
Assertion (A): Silicones are water repelling in nature.
Reason (R): Silicones are organosilicon polymers, which have (-R2SiO-) as repeating unit.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) Both A and R are not correct. ‘
(d) A is not correct but R is correct.
In some of the reactions thallium resembles aluminium, whereas in others it resembles with group 1 metals. Support this statement by giving some evidences.
Elements of group 14
(a) exhibit oxidation state of +4 only (b) exhibit oxidation state of +2 and +4
(c) form M2-and M4+ ion (d) form M2+ and M4+ ions.
What is meant by catenation? Why does ‘C show the property of catenation to maximum extent?
The geometry of a complex species can be understood from the knowledge of type of hybridisation of orbitals of central atom. The hybridisation of orbitals of central atom in [B(OH)4]- and the geometry of the complex are respectively
(a) sp3, tetrahedral
(b) sp3, square planar
(c) sp3d2, octahedral
(d) dsp2, square planar
Describe the shapes of BF3 and BH4–. Assign the hybridisation of boron in these species.
Aluminium trifluoride is insoluble in anhydrous HF but dissolves on addition of NaF. Aluminium trifluoride precipitates out of the resulting solution when gaseous BF3 is bubbled through. Give reason.
(a) Why do Boron halides form addition compound with NH3?
(b) Assign appropriate reason for each of the following observations:-
(i) Anhydrous AlCl3 is used as a catalyst in many organic reactions.
(ii) No form of elemental silicon is comparable to graphite.
Ionisation enthalpy (∆ tH1 kJ mol-1) for the elements of Group 13 follows the order.
(a) B > A1 > Ga > In > T1
(b) B < A1 < Ga< In
(d) B > A1 < Ga > In < T1
The linear shape of C02 is due to ______ .
(a) sp3 hybridisation of carbon
(b) sp hybridisation of carbon
(c) pπ-pπ bonding between carbon and oxygen
(d) sp2 hybridisation of carbon
Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) Fullerenes have dangling bonds.
(b) Fullerenes are cage-like molecules.
(c) Graphite is thermodynamically most stable allotrope of carbon.
(d) Graphite is slippery and hard and therefore used as a dry lubricant in