How do the guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores?
The swelling of guard cells due to absorption of water causes opening of stomatal pores while shrinking of guard cells closes the pores. Opening and closing of stomata occurs due to turgor changes in guard cells. When guard cells are turgid, stomatal pore is open while in flaccid conditions, the stomatal aperture closes.
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms ? Give one example of each.
State the role of the following in human digestive system :
(i) Digestive enzymes (ii) Hydrochloric acid (iii) Villi
Define (i) saprophytic nutrition (ii) parasitic nutrition, and (iii) holozoic nutrition. Give one example of each type.
Apart from carbon dioxide and water, name four other raw materials which are needed by the plants.
What is the name of the opening in the human body through which undigested food is thrown out ?
(a) What is common for Cuscuta, ticks and leeches ?
(b) Name the substances on which the following enzymes act in the human digestive system :
(i) Trypsin (ii) Amylase (iii) Pepsin (iv) Lipase
(c) Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine ?
a) Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline to block the stomata. Will this plant remain healthy for long? State three reasons for your answer.
(b) State any two differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
State the three common features of all the respiratory organs like skin, gills and lungs.
Draw a neat diagram of excretory system of human beings and label on it:
(i) Left kidney (ii) Urinary bladder
Arrange the following processes involved in the nutrition in animals in the correct order (in which they take place):
Assimilation, Egestion, Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion
(a) What is the role of hydrochloric acid in our stomach ?
(b) What is the function of enzymes in the human digestive system ?
Describe the process of respiration in State whether it is anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration.
(a) Explain how, the air we breathe in gets cleaned while passing through the nasal passage.
(b) Why do the walls of trachea not collapse when there is less air in it ?
(c) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in our body during respiration ?
(d) How are lungs designed in human beings to maximise the exchange of gases ?
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
(a) Draw a sectional view of the human heart and label on it – Aorta, Right ventricle and Pulmonary veins.
(b) State the functions of the following components of transport system:
(i) Blood (ii) Lymph
Name the intermediate and the end products of glucose breakdown in aerobic respiration.
In the experiment "Light is essential for photosynthesis", why does the uncovered part of the leaf turn blue-black after putting iodine solution?
Which of the following type of energy is used by living organisms to perform vital life processes ?
Kinetic energy, Chemical energy, Potential energy, Nuclear energy
What is the scientific name of the animals which are :
(i) only meat eaters ?
(ii) only plant eaters ?
(iii) both, plant and meat eaters ?
(a) Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y. What are X and Y ?
(b) State the various steps involved in the process of photosynthesis.
(a) How does carbon dioxide from the air enter the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?
(b) How does water from the soil reach the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?
Name the substance whose build up in the muscles during vigorous physical exercise may cause cramps.
Name the final product/products obtained in the anaerobic respiration, if it takes place :
(a) in a plant (like yeast).
(b) in an animal tissue (like muscles).
What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts?