Question:
What changes took place in vama-based society?
Answer:
The following changes took place in uama-based society:
- Smaller castes or jatis emerged within vamas.
- On the other hand, many tribes and social groups were taken into caste- based society and given the status of jatis.
- Specialised artisans such as smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognised as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.
- Jatis rather than vama became the basis for organising society.
- Among the Kshatriyas, new Rajput clans became powerful.
- Many tribes became part of the caste system. But only the leading tribal families could join the ruling class. A large majority joined the lower jatis of caste society.
- Many dominant tribes of Punjab, Sind and the North-West Frontier had adopted Islam. They continued to reject the caste-system.
Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities
Q 2.
How did the castes of entertainers earn their livelihood?
Q 3.
What do present-day historians use to write tribal histories? [V. Imp.]
Q 4.
How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
Q 5.
Find out more about present-day nomadic pastoral groups in the sub-continent.
Q 6.
Mention some special features of tribal societies. [Imp.]
Q 7.
Name the items which the Mughals captured by defeating the Goods.
Q 9.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The new castes emerging within vamas were called……………………
(b) ……… were historical works written by the Ahoms.
(c) The…….. mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
(d) As tribal stales became bigger and stronger they gave land grants to………….. ..
Q 10.
What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Q 11.
Who were specialised artisans?
Q 12.
Name the tribe which was powerful in the north-west.
Q 13.
Which tribe was very influential in Punjab during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?
Q 14.
How did the tribal people earn their livelihood? [V. Imp.]
Q 15.
Who introduced new methods of rice cultivation?
Q 16.
When did the Mughals attack the Ahom kingdom?
Q 17.
Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Q 18.
Name any two tribes which lived in the extreme South
Q 19.
Who were the Ahoms? How did they build a large state? [Imp.]
Q 20.
Write a short note on Bcuyaras'.
Q 21.
What made the Brahmanas more influential in the Gond Society? [V. Imp.]
Q 22.
How was the administration of the Ahom state organized?
Q 23.
How did the nomadic pastoralists earn their living? [V. Imp.]
Q 24.
What changes took place in vama-based society?
Q 25.
Find out about present-day government policies towards tribal populations and organise a discussion about these.
Q 26.
What do you know about the Ahom Society?
Q 27.
Match the following:
garh – khel
tanda – chaurasi
labourer – caravan
clan – Garha Katanga
Sib Singh – Ahom State
Durgawati – paik
Q 28.
What made Garha Katanga a rich state? [V. Imp.]
Q 29.
State whether true or false:
(a) Tribal societies had rich oral traditions.
(b) There were no tribal communities in the north-western part of the subcontinent.
(c) The Chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.
(d) The Bhils lived in the north-eastern part of the sub-continent.
Q 30.
Give a brief account of the tribal people found in different parts of the subcontinent [V. Imp.]
Q 31.
Who controlled garh?
Q 32.
In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Q 33.
Write a brief note on the administrative system of the Gond Kingdom. [V. Imp.]
Q 34.
When did the Mughal forces attack Garha Katanga?
Q 35.
How did Sultan Alauddin Khalji and the Mughals use the Bcuyaras?
Q 36.
Write in brief about Rani DurgawatL
Q 37.
Plot the location of the tribes mentioned in this chapter on a map. For any two, discuss whether their mode of livelihood was suited to the geography and the environment of the area where they lived.
