Explain any two of the following Fayol’s principles of management with examples
(i) Unity of direction (ii) Equity
(iii) Esprit de corps (iv) Initiative(All India 2008; Delhi 2008C)
(i) Unity of direction ‘One unit and one plan’ for the group of activities having the same objective. This principle implies that there should be one head and one plan for a group of activities having the same objective. It means that the efforts of members of the organisation should be directed towards the achievement of a common goal.
For example, the mission of a company is to provide quality products at an affordable prices to the customers. This should serve as a direction for all the departments, namely, purchasing, financing, quality control and marketing.
(ii) Equity The principle of equity implies a sense of fairness and justice to all workers working in an organisation. Observance of equity alone would make workers loyal and devoted to the organisation. Equity does not mean equal salary to a peon and supervisor. But equity means application of same disciplinary rules, leave rules, etc irrespective of their grade, position and gender, language, religion or nationality, etc.
For example, the rules for granting medical leave to an employee should be same irrespective of their position grade or gender.
(iii) Esprit de corps This principle states that union is strength. It refers to team spirit, i.e. harmony in the work group and mutual understanding among the workers. A group of workers holding hands and standing in union, leads to the achievement of goals efficiently. Unity among the personnel can be accomplished through proper communication and coordination, e.g. in a circket team, we need allrounder players, they are good in batting, bowling, fielding, etc as the competition is tough and inooler for a team to perform such kinds of players are required.
(iv) Initiative It means freedom to think out and execute a plan. The principle of initiative implies that the managers of an undertaking should encourage its subordinates to take some initiative in thinking out and executing plans. By encouraging initiative, the management can motivate employees to work better and harder, e.g. a manager of XYZ Ltd is being encouraged by his superior to take decisions openly and.execute the plans accordingly for the betterment of the organisation.
Which principle of management states that an employee should receive orders from one superior only? (Delhi 2010c)
Explain the following principles of management:
Explain the following principles of Fayol with the help of one example of each.
Name and explain the principle of management according to which a manager should replace ‘I’ with ‘We’ in all his conversation with workers? (HOTS; Delhi 2013)
What precautions should the company undertake to implement the changes?
Give your answer with regard to each technique separately as enunciated in points 1 through 6 in the case problem.
If an organisation does not provide the right place for physical and human resources in an organisation, which principle is violated? What are the consequences of it?
Which principle of management implies that there should be ‘one head and one plan’ for a group of activities having the same objective?
(All India 2010)
Which principle of management is violated, if a subordinate is asked to receive orders from two or more superiors? (HOTS; Delhi 2008C)
Name and explain the principle of management in which workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their plans for improvement in the organisation. (HOTS; Delhi 2010c)
What steps should the company management take in relation to the above principles to restore the company to its past glory?
Explain the following principles of Fayol with the help of one example for each
Explain any two of the following Fayol’s principles of management with examples
(i) Unity of direction (ii) Equity
(iii) Esprit de corps (iv) Initiative(All India 2008; Delhi 2008C)
Discuss the following techniques of scientific work study
(a) Time study
(b) Motion study
(c) Fatigue study
(d) Method study
(e) Simplification and standardisation of work
Why did Fayol introduce the concept of ‘gang plank’ in the principle of ‘scalar Chain’? (All India 2009)
Discuss the relevance of Taylor and Fayol’s contribution in the contemporary business environment.
Explain the following principles of management given by Fayol with examples.
(a) Unity of direction
(b) Equity
(c) Espirit de Corps
(d) Order
(e) Centralisation and decentralisation
(f) Initiative
Explain the technique of ‘Functional Foremanship’ and the concept of ‘Mental Revolution’ as enunciated by Taylor.
Name and explain the principle of management which requires judicious application of penalties by the management.
(HOTS; All India 2010; Delhi 2010)
Nikita and Salman completed their MBA and started working in a multi-national company at the same level. Both are working hard and are happy with their employers. Salman had the habit of backbiting and wrong reporting about his colleagues to impress his boss. All the employees in the organisation knew about it. At the time of performance appraisal, the performance of Nikita was judged better than Salman.
Even then their boss, Mohammad Sharif decided to promote Salman stating that being a female, Nikita will not be able to handle the complications of a higher post.
(i) Identify and explain the principle of management, which was not followed by this multi-national company.
(ii) Identify the values, which are being ignored quoting the lines from the above para. (VBQ; All India 2013)
Explain the tallowing principles of Fayol with the help of one example for each:
Voltech India Lid is manufacturing LED bulbs to save electricity and running under heavy losses. To revive from the losses, the management thought of shifting the unit to a backward area where labour is available at a low cost. The management also asked the workers to work overtime without any additional payment and promised to increase the wages of the workers after achieving its mission. Within a short period the company started earning profits because both the management and the workers honoured their commitments. (Compartment 2014)
Telco Ltd is manufacturing files and folders from the old clothes to discourage use of plastic files and folders. For this, they employ people from nearby villages where very less job opportunities are available. An employee, Harish, designed a plan for the cost reduction but it was not welcomed by the production manager. Another employee gave some suggestion for improvement in design, but it was also not appreciated by the production manager.