What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? Give two examples.
A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen that stimulates an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells. Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using this .approach allow large scale production and hence greater availability for immunisation, e.g., hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB) produced from yeast. As of June 2015 one human DNA vaccine had been approved for human use, the single-dose Japanese encephalitis vaccine called IMOJEV, released in 2010 in Australia.
Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also hue of many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual. By this’the normal function can be restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give reason for your answer.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides .
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Why has the Indian Parliament cleared the second amendment of the country's patents bill?
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, phenomenon as well as for producing products useful for mankind. Give one example for each type.
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Define transgenic animals. Explain in detail any four areas where they can be utilised.
Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.
Consult internet andflnd out howto makeorally activ&protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?
Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.
Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example and for each category.
What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases?
What are the various advantages of using genetically modified plants to increase the overall yield of the crop?
With respect to understanding diseases,’discuss the importance of transgenic animal models.
Write a short note on biopiracy highlighting the exploitation of developing countries by the developed countries.
Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?
Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of biological patenting. Justify.
What is meant by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide.
In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.
Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?
While creating genetically modified organisms, genetic barriers are not respected. How can this be dangerous in the long run?
Name the five key tools for accomplishing the tasks of recombinant DNA technology. Also mention the functions of each tool.
How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered?
Digrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?
ELISA technique is based on the principles of antigen-antibody interaction. Can this techique be used in the molecular diagnosis of a genetic disorder, such as phenyketonuria?
When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?
List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cows and pigs:
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.