Biology

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Question:

Is Pinus an evergreen tree? Comment.

Answer:

Yes, Pinus trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees. The leaves in gymnosperms are well-adapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind. In conifers, the needle-like leaves reduce the surface area. Their thick cuticle and sunken stomata also help to reduce water loss. Unlike deciduous plants, Pinus do not shed their leaves so it is an evergreen tree.

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Q 1.

What constitutes the cambial ring?

Q 2.

Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.

Q 3.

Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery—phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.

Q 4.

Give one basic functional difference between phellogen and phelloderm.

Q 5.

Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.

Q 6.

If one debarks a tree, what parts of the plant is being removed?

Q 7.

Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery – phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.

Q 8.

Is Pinus an evergreen tree? Comment.

Q 9.

Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.

Q 10.

The cross-section of a plant material showed the following features when viewed under the microscope.
(a) The vascular bundles were radially arranged.
(b) Four xylem strands with exarch condition of protoxylem.
To which organ should it be assigned?

Q 11.

Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. If the protoxylem lies next to phloem what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it?

Q 12.

State the location and function of different types of meristems.

Q 13.

Plants require water for their survival. But when watered excessively, plants die. Discuss.

Q 14.

The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath, (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?

Q 15.

The lawn grass (Cyandon dactylon) needs to be mowed frequently to prevent its overgrowth. Which tissue is responsible for its rapid growth?

Q 16.

Match the following and choose the correct option from below.

A. Meristem (i) Photosynthesis, storage
B. Parenchyma (ii) Mechanical support
C. Collenchyma (iii) Actively dividing cells
D. Sclerenchyma (iv) Stomata
E. Epidermal tissue (v) Sclereids

Options:
(a) A—(i), B—(iii), C—(v), D—(ii), E—(iv)
(b) A—(iii), B—(i), C—(ii), D—(v), E—(iv)
(c) A—(ii), B—(iv), C—(v), D—(i), E—(iii)
(d) A—(v), B—(iv), C—(iii), D—(ii), E—(i)

 

Q 17.

What do hard wood and soft wood stand for?

Q 18.

Is Pinus an evergreen tree? Comment.

Q 19.

While eating peach or pear it is usually seen that some stone like structures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone like structures called?

Q 20.

What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant prevent loss of water but is absent in roots?

Q 21.

Plants require waterfortheir survival. But when watered excessively, plants die. Discuss.

Q 22.

Palm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. Why and how?

Q 23.

What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevents water loss?

Q 24.

Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. If the protoxylem lies next to phloem what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it?

Q 25.

What is,the function of phloem parenchyma?

Q 26.

What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevents water loss?

Q 27.

What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress?

Q 28.

Wha do hardwood and softwood stand for?

Q 29.

Epidermal cells are often modified to perform specialised functions in plants. Name some of them and function they perform.

Q 30.

Write the precise function of
(a) Sieve tube
(b) Interfascicular cambium
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Aerenchyma

Q 31.

Deciduous plants shed their leaves during hot summer or in autumn. This process of shedding of leaves is called abscission. Apart from physiological changes what anatomical mechanism is involved in the abscission of leaves.

Q 32.

If one debarks a tree, what parts of the plant is being removed?

Q 33.

What are the characteristic differences found in the vascular tissue of gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Q 34.

Product of photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to various parts of the plants and stored in some cell before being utilised. What are the cells/ tissues that store them?

Q 35.

While eating peach or pear it is usually seen that some stone like structures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone like structures called?

Q 36.

What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant prevent loss of water but is absent in roots?

Q 37.

What part of the plant would show the following?
a. Radial vascular bundle
b. Polyarch xylem
c. Well developed pith

Q 38.

What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress?

Q 39.

Write the precise function of:
a. Sieve tube
b. Interfasicular cambium
c. Collenchyma
d. Aerenchyma

Q 40.

Which part of the plant would show the following:
(a) Radial vascular bundle
(b) Polyarch xylem
(c) Well developed pith

Q 41.

Assume that a pencil box held in your hand, represents a plant cell. In how many possible planes can it be cut? Indicate these cuts with the help of line drawings.

Q 42.

Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues?

Q 43.

Match the following and choose the correct option from below.

A. Cuticle (i) Guard cells
B. Bulliform cells (ii) Single layer
C. Stomata (iii) Waxy layer
D. Epidermis (iv) Empty colourless cell

Options:
(a) A—(iii), B—(iv), C—(i), D—(ii)
(b) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(c) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i)
(d) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(i), D—(iv)

Q 44.

Below is a list of plant fibres. From which part of the plant these are obtained
a. Coir b. Hemp
c. Cotton d. Jute

Q 45.

Point out the differences in the anatomy of, leaf of peepal (Ficus religiosa) and maize {Zea mays). Draw the diagrams and label the differences.

Q 46.

Palm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. Why and how?

Q 47.

What constitutes the cambial ring?

Q 48.

Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery – phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.

Q 49.

What is the commercial source of cork? How is it formed in the plant?

Q 50.

The lawn grass (Cynodon dactylon) needs to be mowed frequently to prevent its overgrowth. Which tissue is responsible for its rapid growth?