Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.
Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. It is an example of anatomical abnormality due to anomalous secondary growth which occurs due to normal activity of an abnormally positioned cambium. Some
stems after secondary growth develop lobed outline and appear as formed by fusion of many stems, e.g., in Serjania, in the beginning a normal ring of vascular bundles is there, but after some time, some of adjacent bundles becoipe joined by cambium and they cut secondary xylem and secondary phloem in normal manner. At later stage, segments of cambium arise outside these fused vascular bundles and produce secondary xylem and secondary phloem.A periderm may be formed around each circle. Thus, a section of old stem shows concentric rings of xylem and phloem and vascular bundles are within.
Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.
Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery—phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.
Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.
Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery – phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.
The cross-section of a plant material showed the following features when viewed under the microscope.
(a) The vascular bundles were radially arranged.
(b) Four xylem strands with exarch condition of protoxylem.
To which organ should it be assigned?
Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. If the protoxylem lies next to phloem what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it?
Plants require water for their survival. But when watered excessively, plants die. Discuss.
Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.
The lawn grass (Cyandon dactylon) needs to be mowed frequently to prevent its overgrowth. Which tissue is responsible for its rapid growth?
Match the following and choose the correct option from below.
| A. | Meristem | (i) | Photosynthesis, storage |
| B. | Parenchyma | (ii) | Mechanical support |
| C. | Collenchyma | (iii) | Actively dividing cells |
| D. | Sclerenchyma | (iv) | Stomata |
| E. | Epidermal tissue | (v) | Sclereids |
Options:
(a) A—(i), B—(iii), C—(v), D—(ii), E—(iv)
(b) A—(iii), B—(i), C—(ii), D—(v), E—(iv)
(c) A—(ii), B—(iv), C—(v), D—(i), E—(iii)
(d) A—(v), B—(iv), C—(iii), D—(ii), E—(i)
While eating peach or pear it is usually seen that some stone like structures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone like structures called?
What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant prevent loss of water but is absent in roots?
The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath, (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?
Epidermal cells are often modified to perform specialised functions in plants. Name some of them and function they perform.
Each of the following terms has some anatomical significance. What do these terms mean? Explain with the help of line diagrams.
a. Plasmadesmoses/Plasmodesmata
b. Middle lamella
c. Secondary wall
Plants require waterfortheir survival. But when watered excessively, plants die. Discuss.
Match the following and choose the correct option from below.
| A. | Cuticle | (i) | Guard cells |
| B. | Bulliform cells | (ii) | Single layer |
| C. | Stomata | (iii) | Waxy layer |
| D. | Epidermis | (iv) | Empty colourless cell |
Options:
(a) A—(iii), B—(iv), C—(i), D—(ii)
(b) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(c) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i)
(d) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(i), D—(iv)
What part of the plant would show the following?
a. Radial vascular bundle
b. Polyarch xylem
c. Well developed pith
Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms with the help of schematic diagrams. What is its significance?
Product of photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to various parts of the plants and stored in some cell before being utilised. What are the cells/ tissues that store them?
Which part of the plant would show the following:
(a) Radial vascular bundle
(b) Polyarch xylem
(c) Well developed pith
The cross-section of a plant material showed the following features when viewed under the microscope.
a. The vascular bundles were radially arranged.
b. Four xylem strands with exarch condition of protoxylem.
To which organ should it be assigned?
Deciduous plants shed their leaves during hot summer or in autumn. This process of shedding of leaves is called abscission. Apart from physiological changes what anatomical mechanism is involved in the abscission of leaves.
Assume that a pencil box held in your hand, represents a plant cell. In how many possible planes can it be cut? Indicate these cuts with the help of line drawings.
Distinguish between the following:
(a) Exarch and endarch condition of protoxylem
(b) Stele and vascular bundle
(c) Protoxylem and metaxylem
(d) Interfasicular cambium and intrafasicular cambium
(e) Open and closed vascular bundles
(f) Stem hair and root hair. .
While eating peach or pear it is usually seen that some stone like structures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone like structures called?
Below is a list of plant fibres. From which part of the plant these are obtained?
(a) Coir
(b) Hemp
(c) Cotton
(d) Jute
Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.
Product of photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to various parts of the plants and stored in some cell before being utilised. What are the cells/ tissues that store them?
What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant prevent loss of water but is absent in roots?
What are the characteristic differences found in the vascular tissue of gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Epidermal cells are often modified to perform specialized functions in plants. Name some of them and function they perform.