"European conquests produced many painful economic, social and ecological changes through which the colonised societies were brought into the world economy."Explain. [CBSE 2015]
(i) In 1885 the big European powers met in Berlin to complete the carving up of Africa between them.
(ii) Rinderpest a cattle disease arrived in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa. Entering Africa in the east, rinderpest moved west ‘like forest fire’, reaching Africa's Atlantic coast in 1892. It reached the Cape (Africa's southernmost tip) five years later. Along the way rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle. The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments now successfully monopolised what scarce cattle resources remained, to strengthen their power and to force Africans into the labour market. In the era of conquests even a disease affecting cattle reshaped the lives and fortunes of thousands of people and their relation with the rest of the world.
(iii) The example of indentured labour migration from India also illustrates the two-sided nature of the nineteenth-century world. It was a world of faster economic growth as well as great misery, higher incomes for some and poverty for others, technological advances in some areas and new forms of coercion in others.
What is NIF.O ?
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Why did Group 77 countries demand a New International Economic Order ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D). Sept, 2010]
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Why did most of the developing countries organise themselves as a group the Group of 77 (G-77) ? [CBSE 2012)
Name the economist who thought that India gold exports during the Great Depression of 1929 promoted global economic recovery.
Highlight three main features of life of African people before the coming of Europeans. [CBSE 2013]
India played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy”. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Name any two countries which became major supplier of wheat during the First World War.
Name any two world institutions which were established under the Bretton Woods. Also mention one objective of each. [CBSE 2014]
What do you know about the Great Depression ? Explain the major factors responsible for the Great Depression. [CBSE 2008 (F), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013]
‘The First World War was modern industrial war’. Explain.
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Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
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How far is it correct to say that "The First World Wax was the First modem industrial war”? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
‘The indentured workers had discovered their own ways of surviving.” Explain. [CBSE 2013]
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How did the indentured labourers maintain their cultural identity in other part of the world ? [CBSE 2013]
How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ? [CBSE 2008 (D)]
Why China and other Asian countries became attractive destination for investment by foreign MNC's ?
Explain the consequences of the Second World War.
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Describe in brief the destruction caused during the Second World War. [CBSE 2010 (O), Sept. 2012]
Why did the European employers find it difficult to recruit labour in Africa ? Give two methods they used to recruit and retain labour. [CBSE 2011)
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Why was there a shortage of labour willing to work for wages in Africa in the 1890s ? How did Europeans try to recruit and retain labour ? Explain any two methods. [CBSE 2012]
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What methods were used by the European employers to recruit and retain the African labourers ?
What was mass production? Explain its impact on the world economy of earlier 20th century.