Explain briefly the history of Hindi novel. [CBSE. Sep 2010, 12]
(i) Pioneer of modem Hindi literature : In the north, Bharatendu Harishchandra, the pioneer of modern Hindi literature, encouraged many members of his circle of poets and writers to recreate and translate novels from other languages. Many novels were actually translated and adapted from English and Bengali under his influence, but the first proper modem novel was written by Srinivas Das of Delhi.
(ii) Writings of Srinivas Das : Srinivas Das's novel, Published in 1882, reflected the inner and outer world of the newly emerging middle class.
(iii) Writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri : The writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri created a novel-reading public in Hindi. His best-seller, Chandrakanta – a romance with dazzling elements of fantasy – is believed to have contributed immensely in popularising the Hindi language and the Nagari script among the educated classes of those times.
Although it was apparently written purely for the ‘pleasure of reading', this novel also gives some interesting insights into the fears and desires of its reading public.
(iv) Munshi Premchand : It was with the writing of Premchand that the Hindi novel achieved excellence. He began writing in Urdu and then shifted to Hindi, remaining an immensely influential writer in both languages. He drew on the traditional art of kissa-goi (storytelling). Many critics think that his novel Sewasadan (The Abode of Service), published in 1916, lifted the Hindi novel from the realm of fantasy, moralising and simple entertainment to a serious reflection on the lives of ordinary people and social issues. Sewasadan deals mainly with the poor condition of women in society. Issues like child marriage and dowry.
What did the novels in the nineteenth- century India mean to :
(a) Women
(b) Children
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What was the attitude of people in India in the 19th century towards women reading ? How did women responded to this ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
In many novels written during the colonial period, the ideal person successfully deals with one of the central dilemmas faced by colonial subject'. What was the dilemma ?
In what ways was the novel in colonial India useful for both the colonisers as well as the nationalists?
How were the modem Indian novels useful for the Indians in day to day life. [CBSE 2013]
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"Indian novelists used the novel as a powerful medium to criticize the defects of the society."Justify the statement with the suitable examples. [CBSE 2013]
Or
Explain any three reasons for making the novel popular in India. [CBSE 2014]
Discuss how the issue of caste was included in the novels in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
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Describe, the theme of the novel . Saraswativijayam' written by Potheri Kunjambu.
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Who is the author of novel "Saraswati vijayam"? Describe the theme of it.
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How does Saraswativijayam' lay stress upon the importance of education for the upliftment of the lower castes ? [CBSE 2012]
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How did authors from so called low castes gain recognition in the world of literature? Explain with examples of any two such authors. [CBSE 2012]
Discuss some of the social changes in nineteenth-century Britain which Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens wrote about.
Differentiate between the novels written by Charlotte Bronte and the novels written by Jane Austen ? [CBSE 2013]
Who was Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer? Mention some features of his writing. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
How did the early novels contribute to colonialism ?
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With the help of an example show how the early novels in Europe contributed to colonialism? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
How were the poor people, for a long time, excluded in the publishing market in eighteenth century Europe ? Explain any two reasons. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Who was the English author who showed the darker side of colonialism in his novels ? [CBSE. Sept.2011]
The novel is an epic of the Indian peasantry and tells the moving story of Hori and his wife, Dhania. Identify the novel. [CBSE. Sept. 2011]
Describe the ways in which the novels in India attempted to create a sense of pan- Indian belonging.
Summarise the concern in both nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels. What does this suggest about how women were viewed?
How was the involvement of women, the most important event of the novel in the 18th century ? [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
Or
How did novels explore and depict the world of women ? Explain it by giving examples. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
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How was the New Women' portrayed in the novels of the 18th century? Explain [CBSE 2013]
Explain the history of growth of novels in India. [CBSE 2014]
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Explain briefly the history of Hindi novel from starting to excellence. [CBSE 2011 ]
What was the importance of novels ?
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In what ways was the novel in colonial India useful for both the colonisers as well as the nationalists ? [CBSE 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
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"Novels were useful for both the colonial administrators and Indians in colonial India."Support the statement with example. [CBSE 2010 (O)]
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What Were the various uses of novels from the Indian point of view ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
What do you mean by epistolary novel ? Give One example.
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State the meaning of epistolary novel. Give one example for this type of novel. [CBSE 2013]
What were the issues raised by the novel Indulekha written in Malayalam ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
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What led Chandu Menon to write Indulekha ? [CBSE Sept. 2011,2014]
Write a note on :
(a) Hie Oriya Novel
(b) Jane Austen's portrayal of women
(c) The picture of the new middle class which the novel Pariksha Guru portrays.
Explain the following:
a) Social changes in Britain which led to an increase in women readers
b) What actions of Robinson Crusoe make us see him as a typical coloniser.
c) After 1740, the readership of novels began to include poorer people.
d) Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause.
Outline the changes in technology and society which led to an increase in readers of the novel in eighteenth-century Europe.
How were the stories and prose not new to India ? Give three examples. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
How did novel become a popular medium of entertainment among the middle class in India? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
Novels had explained and focussed on the terrible conditions of urban life under industrial capitalism. Justify.
How most of the novels of the 19th century represented the true picture of the community and the society ?
How was the sources of entertainment of the old merchant elite of Calcutta different from the new bhadralok ?
Name a novel which is about a secret Hindu militia that fights Muslims to establish a Hindu Kingdom. It was a novel that inspired many kinds of freedom fighters. ‘