Civics

Federalism

Question:

Explain the language policy of Indian Federal. How is it different from Sri Lanka ?
Or
Write any four characteristics of language policy of India. [CBSE 2011]
Or
Describe in brief the language policy of India. [CBSE 2010]

 

Answer:

(i) No National Language: Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages.
(ii) Scheduled Languages: Besides Hindi, there are 22 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State.
(iii) Spread of Hindi with cautious approach: Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965. However, many non-Hindi-speaking States demanded that the use of English continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language.
(iv) Language policy of Sri Lanka: In 1956, an Act was passed by the Sri Lankan government to recognise Sinhala as the only official language whereas in case of India the government agreed to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes.

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Federalism

Q 1.

Categorise the following under Union list or Concurrent list.
(i) Currency (ii) Education

Q 2.

What are Union Territories ?

Q 3.

Mention any two subjects which are r included in the union list. Explain by giving reasons why these are included in  the union list.

Q 4.

Who governs the Union Territories ?

Q 5.

Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2010, 14]

Q 6.

What is Gram Panchayat ?

Q 7.

What is federalism ? [CBSE 2014]

Q 8.

Name an Indian state which enjoys a special status.

Q 9.

How many languages have been recognised as scheduled languages?

Q 10.

How are village Sarpanch or Panches elected?

Q 11.

Which law will remain prevalent if there is any conflict over a subject mentioned in the Concurrent list?

Q 12.

Who is a Mayor ?

Q 13.

What is Panchayat Samiti ?

Q 14.

What is Zila Parishad ?

Q 15.

Mention the three tier system prevailing in India.

Q 16.

What is a Union List ?

Q 17.

Which two languages have been identified as the official languages? [CBSE 2014]

Q 18.

There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.' Name the two routes by giving one example of each.

Q 19.

Mention any four features of federalism. [CBSE 2008, 2009 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Or
Explain four features of the federal form of government. [CBSE 2008 Comp. (O) (D)]

Q 20.

The sharing of power between the Union government and the state governments is basic to the structure of the Indian Constitution'. Explain.

Q 21.

What are the advantages of local governments ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 22.

What is Gram Sabha ? Mention its functions.

Q 23.

Name any two examples of coming together federation. [CBSE 2014]

Q 24.

What is a State List ?

Q 25.

Name any two holding together federation. [CBSE 2014]

Q 26.

Critically analyse the Centre-State relations prior to 1990 and after. [CBSE 2013]

Q 27.

What is decentralisation ? [CBSE 2014]

Q 28.

What is Unitary Government ?

Q 29.

Explain the major key features of federalism.
Or
Describe any four features of the federalism. [CBSE 2011, 14]

Q 30.

Mention any two features of federalism.

Q 31.

Restructuring the Centre-State relations is an important way in which the Indian Federalism has been strengthened in practice.' Explain.

Q 32.

How judiciary acts as an umpire in a federal nation?

Q 33.

"Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government". What key changes were brought in the political system under the above mentioned shift ?

Q 34.

Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages ? [CBSE 2008 (Compt)]

Q 35.

The federal system has dual objective'. Mention the dual objectives.

Q 36.

Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to any one feature that is different from that of  Belgium.

Q 37.

All states in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Justify. –

Q 38.

How had federalism helped Belgium to solve the ethnic problem ?

Q 39.

Some subjects have been mentioned below. Categorise them into Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
(i) Education (ii) Currency (iii) Police (iv) Forest (v) Banking (vi) Communication

Q 40.

Explain the values reflected by the principle of decentralisation in India.

Q 41.

Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the Icoal self-governments in India. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008, Sept. 2011, 14]

Q 42.

Which is the highest tier of the Panchayati Raj ? Explain its composition.

Q 43.

Define :
(a) Gram Panchayat
(b) Panchayat Samiti
(c) Zila Parishad
(d) Mayor

Q 44.

Name the three tier government system in India. What steps have been taken by the government to make the third tier more powerful and effective ? [CBSE 2008(0)]
Or
How has the third tier of government in our country been made more effective and powerful by the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain any four provisions that have been made towards decentralisation in India after the constitutional amendment in 1992. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]

Q 45.

What is the rationale for decentralization of power ? Describe the functions of Rural Local Government. [CBSE 2013]

Q 46.

"There is a need for power sharing within the states". Explain.

Q 47.

What is a Panchayati Raj ? What is its importance ? [CBSE 2008 (F)]

Q 48.

Explain how law making powers are  shared between centre and states in India ? Mention three subjects each of Ans. Union List and State List. [CBSE 2013]
Or
Describe the division of power between the central and the state governments in India. [CBSE 2011]
Or
How are the powers divided between the states and centre ? Explain with examples.

Q 49.

Most federations that are formed by ‘holding together' do not give equal power to its constituent units.' Is it true for India ? Explain.
Or
"Holding together federations"do not give equal power to its constituent units. Explain the statement with the help of examples in context to India. [CBSE 2012]

Q 50.

What is the importance of judiciary in a federal government ?