Which of the following actinoids show oxidation states up to +7?
(a) Am (b) Pu (c) U (d) Np
(b, d) Np and Pu show +7 oxidation state.
Assertion (A): Cu can not libirate hydrogen from acids .
Reason (R): because it has positive electrode potential.
While filling up of electrons in the atomic orbitals, the 4s orbital is filled before the 3d-orbital but reverse happens during the ionization of the atom. Explain why?
Although fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen, but the ability of oxygen to stabilize higher oxidation states exceeds that of fluorine. Why?
While filling up of electrons in the atomic orbitals, the 4s orbital is filled before the 3d-orbital but reverse happens during the ionization of the atom. Explain why?
Comment on the statement that elements of the first transition series possess many properties different from those of heavier transition elements.
Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids? Write the electronic configuration of this element. Comment on the possible oxidation state of this element
A solution of KMnO4 on reduction yields either a colourless solution or a brown precipitate or a green solution depending on pH of the solution. What different stages of the reduction do these represent and how are they carried out?
Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction. Why?
What may be the stable oxidation state of the transition element with the following delectron configurations in the ground state of their atoms: 3d3,3d5, 3d8 and 3d4?
Assertion (A): The highest oxidation state of osmium is +8.
Reason (R): Osmium is a 5d-block element.
KMnO4 acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic medium. The number of moles of KMn04 that will be needed to react with one mole of sulphide ions in acidic solution is
Although Zr belongs to 4d and Hf belongs to 5d transition series but it is quite difficult to separate them. Why?
Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the elements of the first transition series.
Indicate the steps in the preparation of:
(i) K2Cr207from chromite ore
(ii) KMn04 from pyrolusite ore.
Gadolinium belongs to 4f series. Its atomic number is 64. Which of the following is the correct electronic configuration of gadolinium?
Generally, transition-elements and their salts are coloured due to the presence of unpaired electrons in metal ions. Which of the following compounds are coloured?
(a) kMnO4 (b) Ce(SO4)2 (c) TiCl4 (d) Cu2Cl2
Although +3 is the characteristic oxidation state for lanthanoids but cerium
also shows +4 oxidation state because
(a) it has variable ionization enthalpy
(b) it has a tendency to attain noble gas configuration
(c) it has a tendency to attain f ° configuration
(d) it resembles Pb4+
The second and third rows of tfansition elements resemble each other much more than they resemble the first row. Explain why?
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is not true but the Reason is true.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion (A): Cu2+ iodide is not known.
Reason (R): Cu2+ oxidises I to iodine.
Assertion (A): Actinoids form relatively less stable complexes as compared to lanthanoids.
Reason (R): Actinoids can utilize their 5d orbitals along with 6d orbitals in bonding but lanthanoids do not use their 4f orbital for bonding.
Explain giving reasons:
(i)Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour.
(ii)The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high.
(iii)The transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(iv)Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst
What is meant by disproportionation? Give two examples of disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution.
Explain why does colour of KMnO4 disappear when oxalic acid is added to its solution in acidic medium?
When a chromite ore (A) is fused with sodium carbonate in free excess of air and the product is dissolved in water, a yellow solution of compound (B) is obtained. After treatment of this yellow solution with sulphuric acid, compound (C) can be crystallized from the solution. When compound (C) is treated with KCl, orange crystals of compound (D) crystallise out. Identify A to D and also explain the reactions.
Mention the type of compounds formed when small atoms like H, C and N get trapped inside the crystal lattice of transition metals. Also give physical and chemical characteristics of these compounds.
Name the oxometal anions of the first series of the transition metals in which the metal exhibits the oxidation state equal to its group number.
Which metal in the first series of transition metals exhibits + 1 oxidation state most frequently and why?
Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following gaseous ions : Mn3+, Cr3+, V3+ and Ti3+. Which one of these is the most stable in aqueous solution.
(a) Transition metals can act as catalysts because these can change their oxidation state.
How does Fe(III) catalyse the reaction between iodide and persulphate ions?
(b) Mention any three processes where transition metals act as catalysts.
A violet compound of manganese (A) decomposes on heating to liberate oxygen and compounds (B) and (C) of manganese are formed. Compound (C) reacts with KOH in the presence of potassium nitrate to give compound (B). On heating compound (C) with cone. H2SO4 and NaCl, chlorine gas is liberated and a compound (D) of manganese along with other products is formed. Identify compounds A to D and also explain the reactions involved.
In the series Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomisation of zinc is the lowest, i.e., 126 kJ mol-1 . Why?
How would you account for the irregular variation of ionisation enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements?
Which of the following lanthanoids show +2 oxidation state besides the characteristic oxidation state +3 of lanthanoids?
(a) Ce (b) Eu (c) Yb (d) Ho
Transition elements form binary compounds with halogens. Which of the following elements will form MF3 type compounds?
(a) Cr (b) Co (c) Cu (d) Ni
When an oxide of manganese (A) is fused with KOH in the presence of an oxidizing agent and dissolved in water, it gives a dark green solution of compound (B). Compound (B) disproportionates in neutral or acidic solution to give purple compound (C). An alkaline solution of compound (C) oxidises potassium iodide solution to a compound (D) and compound (A) is also formed. Identify compounds A to D and also explain the reactions involved.
Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?
Which of the 3d series of the transition metals exhibits the largest number of oxidation states and why?
Write down the electronic configuration of (i) Cr3+ (ii) Pm3+ (iii) Cu+ (iv) Ce4+(v) Co2+ (vi) Lu2+(vii) Mn2+ (viii) Th4+.
Which of the following will not act as oxidizing agents?
(a) CrO3 (b) MoO3(c) WO3 (d) CrO42-
