Biology

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Question:

What is emasculation? Why and when is it done?

Answer:

Removal of anther from a bisexual flower is called emasculation. It is used to avoid self-pollination and is used in artificial hybridisation programme. It is done before the dehiscence of anther.

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Q 1.

In animal husbandry, if two closely related animals are mated for a few generations, it results in loss of fertility and vigour. Why is this so?

Q 2.

Define the term stress' for plants. Discuss briefly the two types of stress encountered by plants.

Q 3.

Life style diseases are increasing alarmingly in India. We are also dealing with large scale malnutrition in the population. Is there any method by which we can address both of these problems together?

Q 4.

Explain what is meant by biofortification.

Q 5.

Name the improved characteristics of wheat that helped India to achieve green revolution.

Q 6.

Can gamma rays used for crop improvement programmes prove to be harmful for health? Discuss.

Q 7.

Plants raised through tissue cultures are clones of the parent' plant. Discuss the utility of these plants.

Q 8.

Name a man-made cereal. Trace how it was developed and where it is used?

Q 9.

Discuss the two main limitations of plant hybridization programme.

Q 10.

What is protoplast fusion?

Q 11.

Would it be wrong to call plants obtained through micropropagation as clones'? Comment.

Q 12.

Interspecific crosses are rare in nature and intergeneric crosses almost unknown. Why?

Q 13.

(a) Mutations are beneficial for plant breeding. Taking an example, justify the statement.
(b) Discuss briefly the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production.

Q 14.

Discuss natural selection and artificial selection. What are the implications of the latter on the process of evolution?

Q 15.

What is meant by the term 'breed'? What are the objectives of animal breeding?

Q 16.

Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

Q 17.

(a) The shift from grain to meat diets creates more demands for cereals. Why? (b) A250 kg cow produces 200 g of protein per day but 250 g of Methylophillus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein. Name this emerging area of research. Explain its benefits.

Q 18.

What is meant by hidden hunger'?

Q 19.

What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?

Q 20.

Suggest some of the features of plants that will prevent insect and pest infestation.

Q 21.

Why are proteins synthesised from SpiruJina called single cell proteins?

Q 22.

The term desirable trait' can mean different things for different plants.. Justify the statement with suitable examples.

Q 23.

It is said, that diseases are spreading faster due to globalisation and increased movement of people. Justify the statement taking the example of H5N1 virus.

Q 24.

You are planning to set up a Dairy Farm. Describe the various aspects you would consider before you start the venture.

Q 25.

Millions of chicken were killed in West Bengal, Assam, Orissa and Maharashtra recently, What was the reason?

Q 26.

What are the duties of a veterinary doctor in management of a poultry farm?

Q 27.

You are a Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake to release a new variety.

Q 28.

What are the advantages of tissue culture methods over conventional method of plant breeding in crop improvement programmes?

Q 29.

Find out the various components of the medium 12.used for propagation of an explant in vitro are ?

Q 30.

Give two important contributions of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan.

Q 31.

Discuss the importance of testing of new plant varieties in a geographically vast country like India.

Q 32.

Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?

Q 33.

Why is it easier to culture meristems Compared to permanent tissues?

Q 34.

A farmer was facing the problem of low yield from his farm. He was advised to keep a beehive in the vicinity. Why? How would the beehive help in enhancing yield?

Q 35.

If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures  would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

Q 36.

Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.

Q 37.

In the area of plant breeding, it is important not only to preserve the seeds of the variety being cultivated, but also to preserve all its wild relatives. Explain with a suitable example.

Q 38.

In the area of plant breeding, it is important not only to preserve the seeds of the variety being cultivated, but also to preserve all its wild relatives. Explain with a suitable example.

Q 39.

Differentiate between pisciculture and aquaculture.

Q 40.

Explain the concept of the Blue Revolution.

Q 41.

How can we improve the success rate of fertilisation during artificial insemination in animal husbandry programmes?

Q 42.

How is a somatic hybrid different from a hybrid?

Q 43.

What is meant by germplasm collection? What are its benefits?

Q 44.

Does apiculture offer multiple advantages to farmers? List its advantages if it is located near a place of commercial flower Cultivation.

Q 45.

Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.

Q 46.

What is the major advantage of producing plants by micro propagation?

Q 47.

Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.

Q 48.

Why are plants obtained by protoplast culture called somatic hybrids?

Q 49.

What is aquaculture? Give example of an animal that can be multiplied by aquaculture.

Q 50.

Is there any relationship between dedifferentiation and the higher degree of success achieved in plant tissue culture experiments?