Give one example for each of the following types.
(a) Migratory animal (b) Camouflaged animal
(c) Predator animal (d) Biological control agent
(e) Phytophagous animal (f) Chemical defense agent
(a) Migratory animal—Siberian crane, Salmon
(b) Camouflaged animal—Frog, insects
(c) Predator animal—Tiger, sparrow
(d) Biological control agent—Moth (against prickly pear cactus)
(e) Phytophagous animal—Insects like Locusta
(f) Chemical defense agent—Cardiac glycosides produced by Calotropis
Why do all the fresh water organisms have contractile vacuoles whereas , majority of marine organisms lack them?
Lianas are vascular plants rooted in the ground and maintain erectness of their stem by making use of other trees for support. They do not maintain direct relation with those trees. Discuss the type of association the lianas have with the trees.
Define the following terms and give one example for each:
(a)Commensalism (b)Parasitism
(c)Camouflage (d)Mutualism
(e)Interspecific competition
In a sea shore, the benthic animals live in sandy, muddy and rocky substrata
and accordingly developed the following adaptations.
a. Burrowing
b. Building cubes
c. Holdfasts/peduncle
Find the suitable substratum against each adaptation.
In a pond, we see plants which are free-floating; rooted-submerged; footed emergent; rooted with floating leaves. Write the type of plants against each of them.
What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
a. Label the three tiers 1, 2, 3 given in the above age pyramid.
b. What type of population growth is represented by the above age pyramid?
Give one example for each of the following types.
(a) Migratory animal (b) Camouflaged animal
(c) Predator animal (d) Biological control agent
(e) Phytophagous animal (f) Chemical defense agent
In an association of two animal species, one is a termite which feeds on wood and the other is a protozoan Trichonympha present in the gut of the termite. What type of association they establish?
Observe the set of 4 figures A, B, C and D, and answer the following questions: •
(i) Which one of the figures shows mutualism?
(ii) What kind of association is shown in D?
(iii) Name the organisms and the association in C.
(iv) What role is the insect performing in B?
An individual and a population has certain characteristics. Name these attributes with definitions.
In an aquarium two herbivorous species of fish are living together and feeding on phytoplanktons. As per the Gause's Principle, one of the species is to be eliminated in due course of time, but both are surviving well in the aquarium. Give possible reasons.
Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature above 45 °C. How are some microbes able to live in habitats with temperatures exceeding 100 °C?
The following diagrams are the age pyramids of different populations. Comment on the status of these populations.
Write a short note on
(a)Adaptations of desert plants and animals
(b)Adaptations of plants to water scarcity
(c)Behavioural adaptations in animals
(d)Importance of light to plants
(e)Effect of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals.
Do you agree that regional and local variations exist within each.biome? Substantiate your answer with suitable example.
If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the population?
While living in and on the host species, the animal parasite has evolved certain adaptations. Describe these adaptations with examples.
If a marine fish is placed in a fresh water aquarium, will the fish be able to survive? Why or why not?
Name the association in which one species produces poisonous substance or a change in environmental conditions that is harmful to another species.
Why do submerged plants receive weaker illumination than exposed floating plants in a lake?
Why are coral reefs not found in the regions from. West Bengal to Andhra Pradesh but are found in Tamil Nadu and on the east coast of India?
Categorise the following plants into hydrophytes, halophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes. Give reasons for your answers.
a. Salvinia b. Opuntia
c. Rhizophora d. Mangifera
Why do high altitude areas have brighter sunlight and lower temperatures as compared to the plains?
The density of a population in a habitat per unit area is measured in different units. Write the unit of measurement against the following:
a. Bacteria …………..
b. Banyan …………..
c. Deer …………..
d. Fish …………..
