Chemistry

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Question:

A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with chloroform, CHCly supposed to be carcinogenic in nature. The level of contamination was 15 ppm (by mass).
(i) Express this in percent by mass
(ii) Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.

Answer:

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Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Q 1.

How many oxygen atoms are there in 18 g of water?

Q 2.

How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4  )? (Atomic mass of Cu= 63.5 amu)

Q 3.

Match the following prefixes with their multiples:
ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-1-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry-15

Q 4.

State Avogadro’s law.

Q 5.

Define the term ‘unit’ of measurement.

Q 7.

What is one a.m.u. or one ‘u’?

Q 8.

What do you understand by stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation?

Q 9.

Round up the following upto three significant figures:
(i) 34.216 (ii) 10.4107 (iii) 0.04597 (iv) 2808

Q 10.

What do you mean by significant figures?

Q 11.

Define molality. How does molality depend on temperature?

Q 12.

The density of water at room temperature is 1.0 g/mL. How many molecules are there in a drop of water if its volume is 0.05 mL?

Q 13.

Pressure is determined as force per unit area of the surface. The S.I. unit of pressure, pascal, is as shown below:1 Pa = 1  Nm-2.If mass of air at sea level is 1034 g  cm-2,calculate the pressure in pascal.

Q 14.

Express the following up to four significant figures.
ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-1-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry-38

Q 15.

Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g  mol-1

Q 16.

In the reaction, A + B2——> AB2, identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following  mixtures
(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules ofB
(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B
(iii) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules ofB
(iv) 5 mol A + 2.5 mol B
(v) 2.5 mol A + 5 mol B

Q 17.

What is the molecular mass of a substance each molecule of which contains 9 atoms of carbon, 13 atoms of hydrogen and 2.33 x  10-23  g other component?

Q 18.

Calculate the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data:
ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-1-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry-9

Q 19.

Why air is not always regarded as homogeneous mixture?

Q 20.

Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.

Q 21.

Express the following in scientific notation:
(i) 0.0048 (v) 6.0012 (ii) 234,000 (iii) 8008 (iv) 500.0

Q 22.

If ten volumes of dihydrogen gas reacts with five volumes of dioxygen gas, how many volumes of water vapour could be produced?

Q 23.

Name two factors that introduce uncertainty into measured figures.

Q 24.

How are 0.50 mol  Na2C03  and 0.50 M  Na2C03  different?

Q 25.

Q 26.

What is the number of significant figures in 1.050 x 104?

Q 27.

Calculate the mass percent of different elements present in sodium sulphate (Na2 SO4).

Q 28.

Give an example of a molecule in which the ratio of the molecular formula is six times the empirical formula.

Q 29.

Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese dioxide (Mn02) with aqueous hydrochloric acid according to the reaction.
4 HCl (aq) + Mn02 (s) ———–> 2 H2O (l) + MnCl2(aq) +Cl2(g)

How many grams of HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide? (Atomic mass of Mn = 55 u)

Q 30.

A flask P contains 0.5 mole of oxygen gas. Another flask Q contains 0.4 mole of ozone gas. Which of the two flasks contains greater number of oxygen atoms?

Q 31.

Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
(i)  H20(ii)  C02(iii)  CH4

Q 32.

What is the S.I. unit of mass?

Q 33.

What is the SI unit of molarity?

Q 34.

The cost of table salt (NaCl) and table sugar (C12H22O11) are Rs 1 per kg and Rs 6 per kg respectively.Calculate their cost per mole.

Q 35.

Calculate no. of carbon and oxygen atoms present in 11.2 litres of  C02  at N.T.P.

Q 36.

10 ml of a solution of NaCl containing KCl gave on evaporation 0.93 g of the mixed salt which gave 1.865 g of AgCl by reacting with  AgN03solution. Calculate the quantity of NaCl in 10 mL of the solution.

Q 37.

A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with chloroform, CHCly supposed to be carcinogenic in nature. The level of contamination was 15 ppm (by mass).
(i) Express this in percent by mass
(ii) Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.

Q 38.

The following data were obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to form compounds:
ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-1-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry-19

Q 39.

KCl03  on heating decomposes to give KCl and 02. What is the volume of  02 at N.T.P liberated by 0.1 mole of  KCl03?

Q 40.

How many significant figures are present in the following?
(i) 0.0025 (ii) 208 (iii) 5005 (iv) 126,000
(v) 500.0 (vi) 2.0034

Q 41.

Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample which has a density 1.41 g  mL-1  and the mass percent of nitric acid in it is being 69%.

Q 42.

Convert the following into basic units:
(i) 28.7 pm (ii) 15.15 µs (iii) 25365 mg

Q 43.

What is the concentration of sugar (C12H22O11) in mol  L -1  if its 20 g are dissolved in enough water to make a final volume up to 2 L?

Q 44.

Define law of conservation of mass.

Q 45.

Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl according to the reaction

CaC03 (s) + 2HCl (aq) ———->CaCl2  (aq) +C02(g) +H2O(l).

What mass of CaC03 is required to react completely with 25 mL of 0.75 M HCl?

Q 46.

What is an atom according to Dalton’s atomic theory?

Q 47.

Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurring argon.
ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-1-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry-30

Q 48.

Calculate the number of moles in each of the following.

Q 49.

The Vapour Density of a gaseous element is 5 times that of oxygen under similar conditions. If the molecule is triatomic, what will be its atomic mass?

Q 50.

In three moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the following:
(i) Number of moles of carbon atoms (ii) Number of moles of hydrogen atoms
(iii) Number of molecules of ethane