Biology

The Living World

Question:

A plant may have different names in different regions of the country or world. How do botanists solve this problem?

Answer:

Botanist solved this problem of naming plants by International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), which is based on agreed principles and criteria, provided by acceptable biologists all over the world and International Conferences which are held from time to time to update the codes and resolve the controversies, if any. They developed a universal scientific name for each organism. Each scientific name has two components – the ‘generic name and the specific epithet. This system of providing a name with two components is called binomial nomenclature. This naming system given by Carious Linnaeus is being practised by biologists all over the world e.g., Scientific name of Mango is Mangifera indica.
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The Living World

Q 1.

Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells. Give three examples to support the statement.

Q 2.

What does ICZN stand for?

Q 3.

Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or reproduction? Explain.

Q 4.

Match the following and choose the correct option.

A. Family (0 tuberosum
B. Kingdom (ii) Polymoniales
C. Order (iii) Solarium
D. Species (iv) Plantae
E. Genus (v) Solanaceae

Options:
(a) D—(i), C—(ii), E—(iii), B—(iv), A-(v)
(b) E—(i), D—(ii), B—(iii), A—(iv), C- (c) D-C), E—(ii), B—(iii), A—(iv), C-(v)
(d) E—(i), €—(ii), B—-(iii), A-(iv), D-(v)

Q 5.

Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecular constituents of cell organelles. Justify.

Q 6.

Given below is the scientific name of mango. Identify the correctly written name.
Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica

Q 7.

Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or reproduction? Explain.

Q 8.

What does ICZN stand for?

Q 9.

A plant may have different names in different regions of the country or world. How do botanists solve this problem?

Q 10.

What is a monograph?

Q 11.

Brassica compestris Linn
a. Give the common name of the plant.
b. What do the first two parts of the name denote?
c. Why are they written in italics?
d. What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?

Q 12.

Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?

Q 13.

Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy?

Q 14.

Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in India.

Q 15.

What is the similarity and dissimilarity between "whole moong daal"and "broken moong daal"in terms of respiration and growth? Based on these parameters classify them into living or nonliving?

Q 16.

A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look for a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what ‘Key’ the professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?

Q 17.

Do you consider a person in coma-living or dead?

Q 18.

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) has provided a code for classification of plants. Give hierarchy of units of classification botanists follow while classifying plants and mention different’Suffixes’ used for the units.

Q 19.

Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells. Give three examples to support the statement.

Q 20.

Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy.

Q 21.

Define metabolism.

Q 22.

Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
(a) Species —> Order —> Phylum —> Kingdom
(b) Genus—) Species—> OrderKingdom
(c) Species —> Genus —>Order —> Phylum

Q 23.

Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand, and bacteria on the other hand.

Q 24.

How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism?

Q 25.

What is a Monograph?

Q 26.

Couplet in taxonomic key means .

Q 27.

A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume and size. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?

Q 28.

In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Should we call this as ‘diversity’ or ‘biodiversity’? Justify your answer.

Q 29.

The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explain this statement?

Q 30.

A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume and size. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?

Q 31.

What is meant by living? Give any four defining features of life forms.

Q 32.

Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecular constituents of cell organelles. Justify.

Q 33.

What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?

Q 34.

Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.

Q 35.

Why are living organisms classified?

Q 36.

How do you prepare your own herbarium sheets? What are the different tools you carry with you while collecting plants for the preparation of a herbarium? What information should a preserved plant material on the herbarium sheet provide for taxonomical studies?

Q 37.

Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in India.

Q 38.

Define metabolism.

Q 39.

Define and understand the following terms:
(i) Phylum (ii) Class (iii) Family
(iv) Order (v) Genus

Q 40.

In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Should we call this as ‘diversity' or ‘biodiversity'? Justify your answer. –

Q 41.

What is the difference between flora, fauna and vegetation? Eichhornia crassipes is called as an exotic species while Rauwolfia serpentina is an endemic species in India. What do these terms exotic and endemic refer to?

Q 42.

The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explain this statement?

Q 43.

What different criteria would you choose to classify people that you meet often?

Q 44.

Brassica campestris Linn (a) Give the common name of the plant. (b) What do the first two parts of the name denote? (c) Why are they written in italics? (d) What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?

Q 45.

Couplet in taxonomic key means .

Q 46.

Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomic hierarchy. Give a flow diagram from the lowest to highest category for a plant and an animal. What happens to the number of individuals and number of shared characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy?

Q 47.

A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look for a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what ‘Key' the professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?

Q 48.

What are taxonomical aids? Give the importance of herbaria and museums. How are Botanical gardens and Zoological parks useful in conserving biodiversity?

Q 49.

What is the similarity and dissimilarity between “whole moong daal” and “broken moong daal” in terms of respiration and growth? Based on these parameters classify them into living or nonliving?

Q 50.

Define a taxon. Give some example of taxa at different hierarchical levels.