Comment upon the habitats and external features of animals belonging to class, amphibia and reptilia.
Class – Amphibia
Habitat : Amphibians are first cold blooded
vertebrates which can Jive on land as well
as in water. They are mostly found in warm
countries.
External features:
(i) Body is compressed and cylindrical and differentiated into head and trunk.
(ii)Nostrils are connected to the buccal cavity eyes have eyelids.
(iii)Skin is mostly smooth, moist, highly vascular and rich in gland. Scales, are generally absent. It helps in cutaneous respiration.
(iv)Amphibians mostly have two pairs of pentadactyl limbs. They are used for locomotion.
(v)A pair of external nares for olfaction, a pair of eyes with movable eyelids are present.Tympanum represents the ear. E.g., Ram (frog), Bufo (toad), Elyla (tree frog), Rhacophorus (flying frog), Salamandra (salamander) etc.
Class – Reptilia
Habitat : Reptiles are mostly terrestrial animals, mainly found in warmer parts of the world. Only few of them live in water such as crocodiles, turtles.
External features :
(i) The body may be long, cylindrical or short and broad. It is divisible as head, neck, trunk and tail.
(ii) They have dry, rough and non-glandular skin. It is provided with horny, epidermal scales or scutes.
(iii) Appendages are of two pairs of pentadactyl limbs with powerful horny claws. Limbs are locomotory organs.
(iv) Sense organs like eyes, ears and nose are well developed. ….
(v) Eyelids and nictitating membrane are present in lizards but absent in snakes.
E.g., Calotes (garden lizard), Draco (flying lizard), Naja (cobra), Hemidactyhis (wall lizard)
Sort out the animals on the basis of their symmetry (radial or bilateral) coelenterates, ctenophores, annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms.
Give one example each for an animal possessing placoid scales and that with cycloid scales.
Write one example each of the following in the space provided.
(a) Cold blooded animal_______
(b) Warm blooded animal_______
(c) Animal possessing dry and cornified skin_______
(d) Dioecious animal_______
There has been an increase in the number of chambers in heart during evolution of vertebrates. Give the names of the class of vertebrates having two, three or four-chambered heart.
There has been an increase in the number of chambers in heart during evolution of vertebrates. Give the names of the class of vertebrates having two, three or four-cham-bered heart.
Match the following.
Animals Locomotory Organ
(a) Octopus (i) Limbs
(b) Crocodile (ii) Comb plates
(c) Catla (iii) Tentacles
(d) Ctenoplana (iv) Fins
Identify the phylum in which adults exhibit radial symmetry and larva exhibit bilateral symmetry.
Match the following list of animals with their level of organization.
| Division of Labour | Animal | ||
| A. | Organ level | (i) | Pheretima |
| B. | Cellular aggregate level | (ii) | Fasciola |
| C. | Tissue level | (iii) | Spongilla |
| D. | Organ system level | (iv) | Obelia |
Choose the correct match showing division of labour with animal example.
Endoparasites are found inside the host body. Mention the special structure, possessed by these and which enables them to survive in those conditions.
Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother be equal? Why?
Match the following and write correct choice in space provided.
| Animal | Characteristics | ||
| a. | Pila | (i) | Jointed appendages |
| b. | Cockroach | (ii) | Perching |
| c. | Asterias | . (iii) | Water vascular system |
| d. | Torpedo | (iv) | Electric organ |
| e. | Parrot | (v) | Presence of shell |
| f. | Dog fish | (vi) | Placoid scales |
Endoparasites are found inside the host body. Mention the special structure, possessed by these and which enables them to survive in those conditions.
Name
(a) A limbless animal
(b) A cold blooded animal
(c) A warm blooded animal
(d) An animal possessing dry and cornified skin
(e) An animal having canal system and spicules
(f) An animal with cnidoblasts
Match the following and write correct choice in space provided
Animal Characteristics
(a) Pila (i) Jointed appendages
(b) Cockroach (ii) Perching
(c) Asterias (iii) Water vascular system
(d) Torpedo (iv) Electric organ
(e) Parrot (v) Presence of shell
(f) Dogfish (vi) Placoidscales
(a)______, (b)______, (c)______, (d)______,
(e)______, (f)______
How useful is the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom in the classification of animals?
Match the following:
| a. | Amphibia | (i) | Air bladder |
| b. | Mammals | (ii) | Cartilagenous notochord |
| c. | Chondrichthyes | (hi) | Mammary glands |
| d. | Osteichthyes | (iv) | Pneumatic bones |
| e. | Cyclostomata | (v) | Dual habitat |
| f. | Aves | (vi) | Sucking and circular mouth without jaws |
Comment upon the habitats and external features of animals belonging to class, amphibia and reptilia.
Match the following
(a) Amphibia (i) Air bladder
(b) Mammals (ii) Cartilaginous notochord
(c) Chondrichthyes (iii) Mammary glands
(d) Osteichthyes (iv) Pneumatic bones
(e) Cyclostomata (v) Dual habitat
(f) Aves (vi) Sucking and circular mouth without jaws.
Mention one example each for animals with chitinous exoskeleton and those covered by a calcareous shell.
Mention two similarities between
(a) Aves and mammals
(b) A frog and crocodile
(c) A turtle and Pila
Name
a. A limbless animal ‘
b. A cold blooded animal
c. A warm blooded animal
d. An animal possessing dry and comified skin
e. An animal having canal system and spicules
f. An animal with cnidoblasts
What are the reasons that you can think of for the arthropods to constitute the largest group of the animal kingdom?
Give an example for the following:
a. Roundworm
b. Fish possessing poison sting
c. A limbless reptile/amphibian .
d. An oviparous mammal
Fill up the blank spaces appropriately.
|
Phylum/ Class |
Excretory Organ |
Circulatory Organ |
Respiratory Organ |
| Arthropoda | A | B . | Lungs/Gills/ Tracheal System |
| C | Nephridia | Closed | Skin/Parapodia |
| D | Metanephridia | Open | E |
| Amphibia | F | Closed | Lung |
Give an example for each of the following:
a. A viviparous animal
b. A fish possessing a poison sting
c. A fish possessing an electric organ
d. An organ, which regulates buoyancy
e. Animal, which exhibits alternation of generation
f. Oviparous animal with mammary gland.
Give three major differences between chordates and non-chordates and draw a schematic sketch of a chordate showing those features.
What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account?
Give the characteristic features of the following, citing one example of each:
(a) Chondrichthyes and osteichthyes
(b) Urochordata and cephalochordata
Name the animal, which exhibits the phenomenon of bioluminescence. Mention the phylum to which it belongs.
Mention two similarities between:
Aves and mammals
A frog and crocodile ‘
A turtle and pila
Excretory organs of different animals are given below. Choose correctly and write in the space provided.
| Animal | Excetory Organ/Unit | ||
| a. | Balanoglossus | (i) | Metanephridia |
| b. | Leech | (ii) | Nephridia |
| c. | Locust | (iii) | Flame cells |
| d. | Liver fluke | (iv) | Absent |
| e. | Sea urchin | (v) | Malpighian tubule |
| f. | Pila | (vi) | Proboscis gland |
Provide appropriate technical term in the space provided.
(a) Blood-filled cavity in arthropods_______
(b) Free-floating form of cnidaria_______
(c) Stinging organ of jelly fishes_______
(d) Lateral appendages in aquatic annelids_______
Sort out the animals on the basis of their symmetry (radial or bilateral) coelenterates, ctenophores, annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms.
Differentiate between:
a. Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system
b. Oviparous and viviparous characteristic
c. Direct development and Indirect development
Differentiate between:
a. Open and closed circulatory system .
b. Oviparity and viviparity
c. Direct and indirect development
d. Aceolomate and pseudocoelomate
e. Notochord and nerve cord
f. Polyp and medusa
