Biology

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Question:

Wha do hardwood and softwood stand for?

Answer:

Hardwood is the nameofdicotwood. The wood contains vessels and is therefore called porous wood. The content of the tracheids is very low (less than 5%). Wood or xylem fibres are abundant. The wood is comparatively difficult to work with. Softwood is the name of gymnospermous wood. This wood is devoid of vessels therefore, also called non- porous wood. The content of tracheids can be 90-95%. Wood or xylem fibres are fewer and the wood is easy to work with.

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Q 1.

Is Pinus an evergreen tree? Comment.

Q 2.

What constitutes the cambial ring?

Q 3.

Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery – phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.

Q 4.

Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.

Q 5.

Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. If the protoxylem lies next to phloem what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it?

Q 6.

If one debarks a tree, what parts of the plant is being removed?

Q 7.

Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.

Q 8.

Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. If the protoxylem lies next to phloem what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it?

Q 9.

What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant prevent loss of water but is absent in roots?

Q 10.

While eating peach or pear it is usually seen that some stone like structures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone like structures called?

Q 11.

Give one basic functional difference between phellogen and phelloderm.

Q 12.

Match the following and choose the correct option from below.

A. Cuticle (i) Guard cells
B. Bulliform cells (ii) Single layer
C. Stomata (iii) Waxy layer
D. Epidermis (iv) Empty colourless cell

Options:
(a) A—(iii), B—(iv), C—(i), D—(ii)
(b) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(c) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i)
(d) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(i), D—(iv)

Q 13.

Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.

Q 14.

Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem ? Give reasons.

Q 15.

Match the following and choose the correct option from below.

A. Meristem (i) Photosynthesis, storage
B. Parenchyma (ii) Mechanical support
C. Collenchyma (iii) Actively dividing cells
D. Sclerenchyma (iv) Stomata
E. Epidermal tissue (v) Sclereids

Options:
(a) A—(i), B—(iii), C—(v), D—(ii), E—(iv)
(b) A—(iii), B—(i), C—(ii), D—(v), E—(iv)
(c) A—(ii), B—(iv), C—(v), D—(i), E—(iii)
(d) A—(v), B—(iv), C—(iii), D—(ii), E—(i)

 

Q 16.

What do hard wood and soft wood stand for?

Q 17.

Wha do hardwood and softwood stand for?

Q 18.

Product of photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to various parts of the plants and stored in some cell before being utilised. What are the cells/ tissues that store them?

 

Q 19.

What is the function of phloem parenchyma?

Q 20.

What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress?

Q 21.

What is the commercial source of cork? How is it formed in the plant?

Q 22.

What is,the function of phloem parenchyma?

Q 23.

The stomatal pore is guarded by two kidney shaped guard cells. Name the epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells. How does a guard cell differ from an epidermal cell? Use a diagram to illustrate your answer.

Q 24.

What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevents water loss?

Q 25.

Plants require waterfortheir survival. But when watered excessively, plants die. Discuss.

Q 26.

What is periderm? How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems?

Q 27.

Point out the differences in the anatomy of, leaf of peepal (Ficus religiosa) and maize {Zea mays). Draw the diagrams and label the differences.

Q 28.

Assume that a pencil box held in your hand, represents a plant cell. In how many possible planes can it be cut? Indicate these cuts with the help of line drawings.

Q 29.

The lawn grass (Cynodon dactylon) needs to be mowed frequently to prevent its overgrowth. Which tissue is responsible for its rapid growth?

Q 30.

Assume that a pencil box held in your hand, represents a plant cell. In how many possible planes can it be cut? Indicate these cuts with the help of line drawings.

Q 31.

State the location and function of different types of meristems.

Q 32.

The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath, (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?

Q 33.

Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues?

Q 34.

If one debarks a tree, what parts of the plant is being removed?

Q 35.

What are the characteristic differences found in the vascular tissue of gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Q 36.

The stomatal pore is guarded by two kidney shaped guard cells. Name the epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells. How does a guard cell differ from an epidermal cell? Use a diagram to illustrate your answer.

Q 37.

Palm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. Why and how?

Q 38.

Each of the following terms has some anatomical significance. What do these terms mean? Explain with the help of line diagrams.
a. Plasmadesmoses/Plasmodesmata
b. Middle lamella
c. Secondary wall

Q 39.

Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.

Q 40.

The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath, (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?

Q 41.

How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?

Q 42.

What part of the plant would show the following?
a. Radial vascular bundle
b. Polyarch xylem
c. Well developed pith

Q 43.

Arrange the following in the sequence you would find them in a plant starting from the periphery—phellem, phellogen, phelloderm.

Q 44.

Below is a list of plant fibres. From which part of the plant these are obtained
a. Coir b. Hemp
c. Cotton d. Jute

Q 45.

A transverse section of the trunk of a tree shows concentric rings which are known as growth rings. How are these rings formed? What is the significance of these rings?

Q 46.

Is Pinus an evergreen tree? Comment.

Q 47.

What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant prevent loss of water but is absent in roots?

Q 48.

What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevents water loss?

Q 49.

What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress?

Q 50.

What constitutes the cambial ring?