Chemistry

Matter in Our Surroundings

Question:

Differences among solids, liquids and gases.

Answer:

Property Solids Liquids Gases
Mass Definite mass Definite mass Definite Mass
Shape Definite shape No definite shape No definite shape
Volume Definite Volume Definite Volume No Definite Volume
Density Highest Lower than solids Higher than gases Lowest
Rigidity Highly Rigid Less Rigid than Solids Not rigid
Fluidity Do not flow From higher level to low level In all directions
Compressibility Very Low or Cannot be compressed easily Low Very High
Free Surface Infinite One (Upper Surface) No free surface
Diffusion Cannot diffuse Few diffuse immediately Diffuse rapidly
Thermal Expansion Low and Linear Higher than Solids Highest
Packing of particles Tightly Packed Loosely Packed Very loosely packed
Spaces between particles Very less Greater space as compared to solids Greatest
Forces of Attraction Very strong Less than solids Least
Kinetic Energy(KE) Very low KE Higher than solids Highest KE
Movement of Particles Cannot move freely Vibratory Can move freely Vibratory, Translatory & Rotatory Can move freely Vibratory, Translatory & Rotatory
Filing a gas container Do not require container Requires container Requires container

The States of Matter Nice chart for FA assignment

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Matter in Our Surroundings

Q 1.

Define matter.

Q 2.

Which of the following are matter?
Chair, Air, Love, Smell, Hate, Almonds, Thought, Cold, Cold drinks, Smell of perfume

Q 3.

What is SI unit of temperature? Give mathematical relation also.

Q 4.

Why is light not considered matter?

Q 5.

What do you mean by change in state?

Q 6.

Define transpiration.

Q 7.

What is evaporation? Why does evaporation cause cooling?

Q 8.

How matter is classified in terms of physical state?

Q 9.

What are the differences between boiling and evaporation?

Q 10.

What are the ways a gas can be liquefied?

Q 11.

Define the term Volatile Liquid.

Q 12.

Which state of matter is most easily compressible?

Q 13.

List any five physical properties of liquids.

Q 14.

What do you mean by the following terms:
a. Evaporation
b. Sublimation
c. Condensation

Q 15.

Define Latent Heat of Fusion and Latent Heat of vaporisation.

Q 16.

Define Density.

Q 17.

Our own bodies contain examples of all three states of matter. Can you identify these?

Q 18.

How can matter change its state?

Q 19.

What do you mean by the term Volume?

Q 20.

Why solids cannot be compressed like gases?

Q 21.

The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density=mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density:
Air, Exhaust from chimneys, Honey, Water, Chalk, Cotton and Iron.

Q 22.

Define evaporation.

Q 23.

Explain compressibility in gases with an example?

Q 24.

How matter is classified in terms of composition?

Q 25.

Arrange the following substances in increasing order of intermolecular force of attraction: water, sugar, oxygen

Q 26.

Why do diffusion become faster at higher temperatures?

Q 27.

What is the physical state of water at the following temperatures? (a) 25 °C (b) 0 °C (c) 100 °C

Q 28.

What are the characteristics of matter?

Q 29.

Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during melting and boiling even when heat is being supplied to it continuously?

Q 30.

In which case evaporation of water will be faster i.e. near the sea or far away from the sea.

Q 31.

Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale: (a) 300 K (b) 573 K

Q 32.

Why does steam cause more severe burns than boiling water, though both are at the same temperature?

Q 33.

Define the following terms:
a. Melting point
b. Freezing point
c. Boiling point

Q 34.

How vapour is different from gases? Give examples of each.

Q 35.

Which of the following state does not exist at room temperature conditions: a) Solids b) Liquids c) Gas d) Plasma

Q 36.

Why do gases diffuse rapidly?

Q 37.

Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?

Q 38.

A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?

Q 39.

What factors affect the rate of evaporation?

Q 40.

Convert the temperature of 573 K to the Celsius scale.

Q 41.

Explain with an experiment to show gases do not have fixed shape or volume.

Q 42.

What are the conditions for 'something' to be called 'matter' ?

Q 43.

Give the usual name for the following :Heat required to change the state of a substance without changing the temperature.

Q 44.

(a) Define the term 'latent heat of vaporisation' of a liquid. What is the value of the latent heat of vaporisation of water ?
(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the experimental set-up to study the latent heat of vaporisation of water.

Q 45.

Name the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water.

Q 46.

Write the full forms of the following :(a) LPG (b) CNG

Q 47.

The Kelvin scale temperature is 0 K. What is the corresponding Celsius scale temperature ?

Q 48.

What is meant by saying that the latent heat of vaporisation of water is 22.5 x 105 J/kg ?

Q 49.

Give reasons to justify: (a) Water at room temperature is a liquid. (b) An iron almirah is solid.

Q 50.

Is smell of garlic or perfume a matter?