Question:
What is lost wax' technique? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Lost wax' technique was used to make Chola bronze statues. This technique involved several stages :
- First of all an image was made of wax. This was covered with clay and left in sun to dry.
- It was then heated and a small hole was made in the clay cover. The molten wax was drained out through this hole.
- Then molten wax was poured into the clay mould through the hole. Once the metal cooled and solidified, the clay cover was carefully removed and the image was cleaned and polished.
Towns, Traders and Craftspersons
Q 2.
Name the residence meant for the white rulers in Madras.
Q 3.
What did the Indian traders bring from Africa?
Q 4.
Compare any one of the cities described in this chapter with a town or a village with which you are familiar. Do you notice any similarities or differences?
Q 5.
How did pilgrims contribute to the temples?
Q 6.
What do the ruins of Hampi reveal?
Q 7.
How was water supplied, to the city of Thanjavur?
Q 8.
Find out about the present-day taxes on markets. Who collects these taxes? How are they collected and are they used for?
Q 9.
What purpose did small towns serve? [V. Imp.]
Or
Describe various Junctions of small towns.
Q 10.
What do temple towns represent? [Imp.]
Q 11.
What is lost wax' technique? [V. Imp.]
Q 13.
How did the European Companies gain control of the sea trade?
Q 14.
Why did the rulers endow temples with grants of land and money?
Q 15.
What were the textiles of Surat famous for?
Q 16.
Mention some articles of trade on which temple authorities collected taxes.
Q 17.
Name a few Indian spices which became an important part of European cooking. Ans. Pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, dried ginger, g. 9. What were craftspersons of Bidar famous for?
Q 18.
Why has Surat been called the gate to Mecca?[V. Imp.]
Q 19.
Why did the Dutch and English East India Companies attempt to control Masulipatnam?
Q 20.
Name the residence meant for the white rulers in Calcutta
Q 21.
Who lived in the Black Towns' in cities such as Madras?
Q 22.
In what ways was craft production in cities like Calcutta different from that in cities Wee Thanjavur?
Q 23.
How did temple authorities use their wealth?
Q 24.
Why do you think towns grew around temples?
Q 25.
State whether true or false:
(a) We know the name of the architect of the Rajarajeshvara temple from an inscription.
(b) Merchants preferred to travel individually rather than in caravans.
(c) Kabul was a major centre for trade in elephants.
(d) Surat was an important trading port on the Bay of Bengal.
Q 26.
What were the reasons of the decline of Swat? [V. Imp.]
Q 27.
Describe the trade activities of the big and small traders belonging to the medieval time.
Q 28.
What was the system of advances?
Q 29.
What was special with the Surat hundis?
Q 30.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The Rajarajeshvara temple was built in ………………..
(b) Ajmer is associated with the Sufi saint…………………
(c) Hampi was the capital of the ………….
(d) The Dutch established a settlement at…………….. in Andhra Pradesh.
Q 31.
Give an account of the architecture of Hampt
Q 32.
How did the system of advances snatch the freedom of the weavers?
OR
How did the Indian Crafts persons lose their independence?
Q 33.
Why did people from distant lands visit Surat?
Q 34.
How important were craftspersons for the building and maintenance of temples?
Q 35.
How was Hampi in its heyday in the 15-16th centuries? When did it fall into ruin?
Q 36.
Describe Swat as a gateway to the West .
Q 37.
What made the city of Masulipatnam populous and prosperous?
