Economics

Introduction to Microeconomics

Question:

"Scarcity and choice go all together". Defend or refute.

Answer:

  • We defend this statement because scarcity arises as resources are limited. The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources.
  • These resources are available in limited quantities in eveiy economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all resources.
  • For example, the Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources.
  • Since resources are limited, then we have to make a choice because resources have an alternative use. Generally a resource has many alternative uses. A worker can be employed on a farm, in a factory, in a school, in a government office, self-employed and so on. Like this nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use.
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Introduction to Microeconomics

Q 1.

A country's resources are fully and p efficiently employed. The problem of scarcity exists. What advice would be given to raise the efficiency level of the human resource to fight scarcity?

Q 2.

Massive unemployment will shift PPC to the left. Defend or refute.

Q 3.

Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.[CBSE, All India 2013]

Q 4.

A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are Rs 10 lakh. If he works in a government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earning will be Rs 8 lakh. What is the opportunity cost of having a clinic in New Delhi?

Q 5.

Give two examples of growth of resources.

Q 6.

What is economics?

Q 7.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-17

Q 8.

What is meant by economy?

Q 9.

How does Maruti Udyog Ltd. fix the prices of its cars, is it studied in macroeconomics?

Q 10.

"An economy always produces on but not inside PPC. Defend or refute.

Q 11.

Name any three variables of macroeconomics.

Q 12.

Which type of science is economics?

Q 13.

Only Scarce Goods' attract price."Comment.

Q 14.

What is meant by economising of resources? [CBSE 2003]

Q 15.

State the central problems of an economy. [CBSE Sample Paper 2014]

Q 16.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-19

Q 17.

India is a labour abundance and capital scarce economy. Which technique of production should be used to produce the commodity?

Q 18.

Give two examples of underutilisation of resources.

Q 19.

As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it could not cause a future problem for us? Give any two suggestions.

Q 20.

Why is production possibility curve also called opportunity cost curve?

Q 21.

Because of destruction caused by war, a country's PPF will shift to the left.

Q 22.

Although water is useful, yet it is cheap. On the contrary, diamond is not much of use, still it is very expensive. Give an economic reason for this paradox.

Q 23.

Giving reasons, state whether the  following statements are true or false.
 An economy always manages to meet all the needs of the people living in the country.

Q 24.

There are various sources of income a teacher has; such as,

  1.  He can earn Rs 40000 from teaching in school.
  2. He can earn Rs 50000 by tuition/ coaching
  3. He earns Rs 60000 by writing the help book guides.
    What is the opportunity cost of his teaching in school? Why should he choose teaching profession?

Q 25.

Discuss the subject matter of economics.

Q 26.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. Every economy has to make the decision relating to what to produce.
  2. Problem of choice arises because available resources have alternative uses.

Q 27.

A job guarantee scheme will lead to a rightward shift of PPF.

Q 28.

Economy can never operate outside PPC with the given resources and technology.

Q 29.

Economy always operates on PPC.

Q 30.

A farmer is getting more profit by producing opium rather than that of wheat. In situation of famine which crop should be produced?

Q 31.

Unemployment is reduced due to the measures taken by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibilities frontier.

Q 32.

What will be the impact of recently launched Clean India Mission' (Swachh Bharat Mission) on the Production Possibilities curve of the economy and why?

Q 33.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule. 
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-21

Q 34.

What is the basic reason for economic problem in all economies?

Q 35.

What is meant by central problem of an economy?

Q 36.

Define Opportunity Cost. [CBSE 2007]
Or
Give the meaning of  Opportunity Cost'. [CBSE 2008, 09]

Q 37.

State any three assumptions on which a production possibilities curve is based. [CBSE 2013 Q]

Q 38.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. A Production Possibility Frontier is always a downward sloping concave curve.
  2. An efficient economy would always produce a combination of goods
    that lies on the given Production Possibility Frontier.
  3. Growth of an economy is represented in the form of a rightward shift of a Production Possibility Frontier.

Q 39.

PPC is concave shaped as production of one good can be increased only by reducing quantity of another good.

Q 40.

With the same amount of resources a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and horses:
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-12
Taking into consideration the options available with him, find out the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse.

Q 41.

What is likely to be the impact of efforts towards reducing unemployment on the production potential of the economy? Explain.

Q 42.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities Curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-24

Q 43.

What is a production possibility frontier?

Q 44.

Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2007]
Or
What gives rise to an economic problem? [CBSE, Sample Paper 2008] Or
Why does the problem of choice arise? [CBSE 2004]

Q 45.

Define microeconomics.[CBSE 2007C; AI 2005, 2012]
Or
Give the meaning of microeconomics.[CBSE 2009]

Q 46.

Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2006, 07C, 09;  Or AI 2007]
State any two causes of economic problem. [CBSE 2005C, 09C, 12;Or AI 2007]
State two characteristics of the economic resources which give rise to economic problem.Or [AI 2007]
Why does problem of choice arise?[CBSE 2004, 05C, 06, 07] Or
Explain three factors that lead to an economic problem.

Q 47.

Economic problem arises due to plenty of resources.

Q 48.

Why is it that on one hand coal is found in plenty, yet it is scarce while on the other, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce?

Q 49.

The government has started promoting foreign capital. What is its economic value in the context of Production Possibilities Frontier?

Q 50.

Name the economic value achievable when attempts are made to increase resources in the country.