Economics

Introduction to Microeconomics

Question:

"Scarcity and choice go all together". Defend or refute.

Answer:

  • We defend this statement because scarcity arises as resources are limited. The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources.
  • These resources are available in limited quantities in eveiy economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all resources.
  • For example, the Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources.
  • Since resources are limited, then we have to make a choice because resources have an alternative use. Generally a resource has many alternative uses. A worker can be employed on a farm, in a factory, in a school, in a government office, self-employed and so on. Like this nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use.
previuos
next

Introduction to Microeconomics

Q 1.

Give two examples of underutilisation of resources.

Q 2.

Give two examples of growth of resources.

Q 3.

Name any three variables of macroeconomics.

Q 4.

What is meant by economising of resources? [CBSE 2003]

Q 5.

What is meant by economy?

Q 6.

What is economics?

Q 7.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-19

Q 8.

A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are Rs 10 lakh. If he works in a government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earning will be Rs 8 lakh. What is the opportunity cost of having a clinic in New Delhi?

Q 9.

A country's resources are fully and p efficiently employed. The problem of scarcity exists. What advice would be given to raise the efficiency level of the human resource to fight scarcity?

Q 10.

Production in an economy is below to its potentiality due to unemployment. Government starts employment generation schemes. Explain its effects by using production possibility curve.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-9

Q 11.

If a PPF shifts to the right, the new PPF will be parallel to the original.

Q 12.

Whether the cotton textile industry is an example of micro or macroeconomics?

Q 13.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities Curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-24

Q 14.

Which type of science is economics?

Q 15.

Define Opportunity Cost. [CBSE 2007]
Or
Give the meaning of  Opportunity Cost'. [CBSE 2008, 09]

Q 16.

"An economy always produces on but not inside PPC. Defend or refute.

Q 17.

Unemployment is reduced due to the measures taken by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibilities frontier.

Q 18.

If the economy operates inside PPC, it shows full utilisation of resources.

Q 19.

The government has started promoting foreign capital. What is its economic value in the context of Production Possibilities Frontier?

Q 20.

What will likely be the impact of large scale outflow of foreign capital on Production Possibility Curve of the economy and why? 
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-14

Q 21.

Define Marginal Opportunity Cost. Explain the concept with a hypothetical numerical example.[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Q 22.

PPC is concave shaped as production of one good can be increased only by reducing quantity of another good.

Q 23.

Giving reasons, state whether the  following statements are true or false.
 An economy always manages to meet all the needs of the people living in the country.

Q 24.

State the central problems of an economy. [CBSE Sample Paper 2014]

Q 25.

Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.[CBSE, All India 2013]

Q 26.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. A Production Possibility Frontier is always a downward sloping concave curve.
  2. An efficient economy would always produce a combination of goods
    that lies on the given Production Possibility Frontier.
  3. Growth of an economy is represented in the form of a rightward shift of a Production Possibility Frontier.

Q 27.

How does Maruti Udyog Ltd. fix the prices of its cars, is it studied in macroeconomics?

Q 28.

State two features of resources that give rise to an economic problem.

Q 29.

Economy can never operate outside PPC with the given resources and technology.

Q 30.

Discuss the subject matter of economics.

Q 31.

What is the basic reason for economic problem in all economies?

Q 32.

Give one/two examples of microeconomics study.[CBSE 2004C, 09, 09C, 11C;AI 2004, 05, 07, 11]
Or
Name any three variables of micro-economics.

Q 33.

Define Marginal Opportunity Cost.[AI 2008]

Q 34.

What is likely to be the impact of Make in India' appeal to the foreign investors by the Prime Minister of India, on the production possibilities frontiers of India? Explain.

Q 35.

As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it could not cause a future problem for us? Give any two suggestions.

Q 36.

A teacher is getting Rs 6,000 per month as salary. If he leaves the job and starts tuition work, he is expected to earn Rs 5,000 per month. What would be his opportunity cost?

Q 37.

Discuss the central problems of an economy.

Q 38.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. Every economy has to make the decision relating to what to produce.
  2. Problem of choice arises because available resources have alternative uses.

Q 39.

Define Production Possibility Curve and state its properties.[CBSE, All India 2013 C]

Q 40.

State any three assumptions on which a production possibilities curve is based. [CBSE 2013 Q]

Q 41.

Economy always operates on PPC.

Q 42.

The problems of scarcity of resources and their alternate uses arise everywhere but particularly in backward countries. For their solution non-economic considerations can be stressed. How?

Q 43.

Why is it that on one hand coal is found in plenty, yet it is scarce while on the other, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce?

Q 44.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule. 
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-21

Q 45.

What is a production possibility frontier?

Q 46.

What is meant by central problem of an economy?

Q 47.

Scarcity of resources is a universal phenomenon and is not confined to poor and backward countries only. Comment.

Q 48.

With the same amount of resources a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and horses:
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-12
Taking into consideration the options available with him, find out the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse.

Q 49.

Why is production possibility curve also called opportunity cost curve?

Q 50.

What is likely to be the impact of efforts towards reducing unemployment on the production potential of the economy? Explain.