Economics

Introduction to Microeconomics

Question:

"Scarcity and choice go all together". Defend or refute.

Answer:

  • We defend this statement because scarcity arises as resources are limited. The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources.
  • These resources are available in limited quantities in eveiy economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all resources.
  • For example, the Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources.
  • Since resources are limited, then we have to make a choice because resources have an alternative use. Generally a resource has many alternative uses. A worker can be employed on a farm, in a factory, in a school, in a government office, self-employed and so on. Like this nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use.
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Introduction to Microeconomics

Q 1.

Name any three variables of macroeconomics.

Q 2.

What is meant by economy?

Q 3.

Give two examples of growth of resources.

Q 4.

Give two examples of underutilisation of resources.

Q 5.

What is meant by economising of resources? [CBSE 2003]

Q 6.

What is economics?

Q 7.

A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are Rs 10 lakh. If he works in a government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earning will be Rs 8 lakh. What is the opportunity cost of having a clinic in New Delhi?

Q 8.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-19

Q 9.

Which type of science is economics?

Q 10.

A country's resources are fully and p efficiently employed. The problem of scarcity exists. What advice would be given to raise the efficiency level of the human resource to fight scarcity?

Q 11.

How does Maruti Udyog Ltd. fix the prices of its cars, is it studied in macroeconomics?

Q 12.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities Curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-24

Q 13.

"An economy always produces on but not inside PPC. Defend or refute.

Q 14.

Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.[CBSE, All India 2013]

Q 15.

Whether the cotton textile industry is an example of micro or macroeconomics?

Q 16.

Massive unemployment will shift PPC to the left. Defend or refute.

Q 17.

Define Opportunity Cost. [CBSE 2007]
Or
Give the meaning of  Opportunity Cost'. [CBSE 2008, 09]

Q 18.

Define Marginal Opportunity Cost. Explain the concept with a hypothetical numerical example.[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Q 19.

Giving reasons, state whether the  following statements are true or false.
 An economy always manages to meet all the needs of the people living in the country.

Q 20.

A Production Possibility Frontier' (PPF) is always represented as a upward sloping curve.

Q 21.

If the economy operates inside PPC, it shows full utilisation of resources.

Q 22.

State the central problems of an economy. [CBSE Sample Paper 2014]

Q 23.

India is a labour abundance and capital scarce economy. Which technique of production should be used to produce the commodity?

Q 24.

Why is production possibility curve also called opportunity cost curve?

Q 25.

Discuss the central problems of an economy.

Q 26.

If a PPF shifts to the right, the new PPF will be parallel to the original.

Q 27.

Growth of resources shifts PPC towards left.

Q 28.

State two features of resources that give rise to an economic problem.

Q 29.

Economic problem arises due to plenty of resources.

Q 30.

In an underdeveloped economy why there is the need of efficient utilization of resources?

Q 31.

Unemployment is reduced due to the measures taken by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibilities frontier.

Q 32.

Production in an economy is below to its potentiality due to unemployment. Government starts employment generation schemes. Explain its effects by using production possibility curve.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-9

Q 33.

A teacher is getting Rs 6,000 per month as salary. If he leaves the job and starts tuition work, he is expected to earn Rs 5,000 per month. What would be his opportunity cost?

Q 34.

What is likely to be the impact of Make in India' appeal to the foreign investors by the Prime Minister of India, on the production possibilities frontiers of India? Explain.

Q 35.

Large number of technical training institutions have been started by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibility frontier.

Q 36.

The government has started promoting foreign capital. What is its economic value in the context of Production Possibilities Frontier?

Q 37.

With the same amount of resources a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and horses:
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-12
Taking into consideration the options available with him, find out the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse.

Q 38.

Discuss the subject matter of economics.

Q 39.

Define microeconomics.[CBSE 2007C; AI 2005, 2012]
Or
Give the meaning of microeconomics.[CBSE 2009]

Q 40.

Why do all economies have similar central problems?

Q 41.

State any three assumptions on which a production possibilities curve is based. [CBSE 2013 Q]

Q 42.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. A Production Possibility Frontier is always a downward sloping concave curve.
  2. An efficient economy would always produce a combination of goods
    that lies on the given Production Possibility Frontier.
  3. Growth of an economy is represented in the form of a rightward shift of a Production Possibility Frontier.

Q 43.

As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it could not cause a future problem for us? Give any two suggestions.

Q 44.

Why PPC is concave to the point of origin? [CBSE 2011, AI 2007]

Q 45.

Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2006, 07C, 09;  Or AI 2007]
State any two causes of economic problem. [CBSE 2005C, 09C, 12;Or AI 2007]
State two characteristics of the economic resources which give rise to economic problem.Or [AI 2007]
Why does problem of choice arise?[CBSE 2004, 05C, 06, 07] Or
Explain three factors that lead to an economic problem.

Q 46.

Although water is useful, yet it is cheap. On the contrary, diamond is not much of use, still it is very expensive. Give an economic reason for this paradox.

Q 47.

Why is it that on one hand coal is found in plenty, yet it is scarce while on the other, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce?

Q 48.

A farmer is getting more profit by producing opium rather than that of wheat. In situation of famine which crop should be produced?

Q 49.

Name the economic value achievable when attempts are made to increase resources in the country.

Q 50.

What will likely be the impact of large scale outflow of foreign capital on Production Possibility Curve of the economy and why? 
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-14