Economics

Introduction to Microeconomics

Question:

Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2006, 07C, 09;  Or AI 2007]
State any two causes of economic problem. [CBSE 2005C, 09C, 12;Or AI 2007]
State two characteristics of the economic resources which give rise to economic problem.Or [AI 2007]
Why does problem of choice arise?[CBSE 2004, 05C, 06, 07] Or
Explain three factors that lead to an economic problem.

Answer:

Economic problem arises because of scarcity of resources in relation to demand for them.

  1. Wants are unlimited:
    (a)This is a basic fact of human life. Human wants are unlimited.
    (b)They are not only unlimited but also grow and multiply very fast.
  2. Resources are limited:
    (a)The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources.
    (b)These resources are available in limited quantities in every economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all the resources.
    (c)For example, Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources.
  3. Resources have alternative uses:
    (a)Generally a resource has many alternative uses.
    (b)A worker can be employed in a factoiy, in a school, in a government office, self employed and so on.
    (c) Like this, nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use.
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Introduction to Microeconomics

Q 1.

What is meant by economy?

Q 2.

Give two examples of growth of resources.

Q 3.

Name any three variables of macroeconomics.

Q 4.

A country's resources are fully and p efficiently employed. The problem of scarcity exists. What advice would be given to raise the efficiency level of the human resource to fight scarcity?

Q 5.

A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are Rs 10 lakh. If he works in a government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earning will be Rs 8 lakh. What is the opportunity cost of having a clinic in New Delhi?

Q 6.

Massive unemployment will shift PPC to the left. Defend or refute.

Q 7.

What is economics?

Q 8.

Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.[CBSE, All India 2013]

Q 9.

Give two examples of underutilisation of resources.

Q 10.

"An economy always produces on but not inside PPC. Defend or refute.

Q 11.

How does Maruti Udyog Ltd. fix the prices of its cars, is it studied in macroeconomics?

Q 12.

What is meant by economising of resources? [CBSE 2003]

Q 13.

Which type of science is economics?

Q 14.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities Curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-24

Q 15.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-19

Q 16.

State any three assumptions on which a production possibilities curve is based. [CBSE 2013 Q]

Q 17.

Scarcity of resources is a universal phenomenon and is not confined to poor and backward countries only. Comment.

Q 18.

State the central problems of an economy. [CBSE Sample Paper 2014]

Q 19.

India is a labour abundance and capital scarce economy. Which technique of production should be used to produce the commodity?

Q 20.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. Every economy has to make the decision relating to what to produce.
  2. Problem of choice arises because available resources have alternative uses.

Q 21.

A job guarantee scheme will lead to a rightward shift of PPF.

Q 22.

Production in an economy is below to its potentiality due to unemployment. Government starts employment generation schemes. Explain its effects by using production possibility curve.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-9

Q 23.

Discuss the subject matter of economics.

Q 24.

Why PPC is concave to the point of origin? [CBSE 2011, AI 2007]

Q 25.

A Production Possibility Frontier' (PPF) is always represented as a upward sloping curve.

Q 26.

PPC is concave shaped as production of one good can be increased only by reducing quantity of another good.

Q 27.

In an underdeveloped economy why there is the need of efficient utilization of resources?

Q 28.

As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it could not cause a future problem for us? Give any two suggestions.

Q 29.

The government has started promoting foreign capital. What is its economic value in the context of Production Possibilities Frontier?

Q 30.

With the same amount of resources a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and horses:
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-12
Taking into consideration the options available with him, find out the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse.

Q 31.

State two features of resources that give rise to an economic problem.

Q 32.

If the economy operates inside PPC, it shows full utilisation of resources.

Q 33.

Whether the cotton textile industry is an example of micro or macroeconomics?

Q 34.

"Scarcity and choice go all together". Defend or refute.

Q 35.

Only Scarce Goods' attract price."Comment.

Q 36.

Name the economic value achievable when attempts are made to increase resources in the country.

Q 37.

What is likely to be the impact of Make in India' appeal to the foreign investors by the Prime Minister of India, on the production possibilities frontiers of India? Explain.

Q 38.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-17

Q 39.

Discuss the central problems of an economy.

Q 40.

What is the basic reason for economic problem in all economies?

Q 41.

Define Production Possibility Curve and state its properties.[CBSE, All India 2013 C]

Q 42.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. A Production Possibility Frontier is always a downward sloping concave curve.
  2. An efficient economy would always produce a combination of goods
    that lies on the given Production Possibility Frontier.
  3. Growth of an economy is represented in the form of a rightward shift of a Production Possibility Frontier.

Q 43.

Because of destruction caused by war, a country's PPF will shift to the left.

Q 44.

Economy can never operate outside PPC with the given resources and technology.

Q 45.

Why is it that on one hand coal is found in plenty, yet it is scarce while on the other, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce?

Q 46.

Unemployment is reduced due to the measures taken by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibilities frontier.

Q 47.

What is a production possibility frontier?

Q 48.

Give one/two examples of microeconomics study.[CBSE 2004C, 09, 09C, 11C;AI 2004, 05, 07, 11]
Or
Name any three variables of micro-economics.

Q 49.

Define Marginal Opportunity Cost. Explain the concept with a hypothetical numerical example.[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Q 50.

Giving reasons, state whether the  following statements are true or false.
 An economy always manages to meet all the needs of the people living in the country.