Biology

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Question:

What are the physical barriers of a cell in-the protoplast fusion experiment? How are the barriers overcome?

Answer:

Cell wall is the most important physical barrier in such experiments. This can be overcomed by treatment with enzymes like cellulase and pectinase which have the ability to digest the cell wall and liberate the naked protoplast surrounded only by the dell membrane.

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Q 1.

In animal husbandry, if two closely related animals are mated for a few generations, it results in loss of fertility and vigour. Why is this so?

Q 2.

Life style diseases are increasing alarmingly in India. We are also dealing with large scale malnutrition in the population. Is there any method by which we can address both of these problems together?

Q 3.

Define the term stress' for plants. Discuss briefly the two types of stress encountered by plants.

Q 4.

Explain what is meant by biofortification.

Q 5.

Plants raised through tissue cultures are clones of the parent' plant. Discuss the utility of these plants.

Q 6.

Name the improved characteristics of wheat that helped India to achieve green revolution.

Q 7.

Can gamma rays used for crop improvement programmes prove to be harmful for health? Discuss.

Q 8.

Discuss the two main limitations of plant hybridization programme.

Q 9.

Name a man-made cereal. Trace how it was developed and where it is used?

Q 10.

What is protoplast fusion?

Q 11.

Discuss natural selection and artificial selection. What are the implications of the latter on the process of evolution?

Q 12.

Would it be wrong to call plants obtained through micropropagation as clones'? Comment.

Q 13.

Interspecific crosses are rare in nature and intergeneric crosses almost unknown. Why?

Q 14.

Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

Q 15.

What is meant by the term 'breed'? What are the objectives of animal breeding?

Q 16.

Suggest some of the features of plants that will prevent insect and pest infestation.

Q 17.

(a) The shift from grain to meat diets creates more demands for cereals. Why? (b) A250 kg cow produces 200 g of protein per day but 250 g of Methylophillus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein. Name this emerging area of research. Explain its benefits.

Q 18.

What is meant by hidden hunger'?

Q 19.

Why are proteins synthesised from SpiruJina called single cell proteins?

Q 20.

The term desirable trait' can mean different things for different plants.. Justify the statement with suitable examples.

Q 21.

(a) Mutations are beneficial for plant breeding. Taking an example, justify the statement.
(b) Discuss briefly the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production.

Q 22.

Millions of chicken were killed in West Bengal, Assam, Orissa and Maharashtra recently, What was the reason?

Q 23.

It is said, that diseases are spreading faster due to globalisation and increased movement of people. Justify the statement taking the example of H5N1 virus.

Q 24.

What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?

Q 25.

In the area of plant breeding, it is important not only to preserve the seeds of the variety being cultivated, but also to preserve all its wild relatives. Explain with a suitable example.

Q 26.

Is there any relationship between dedifferentiation and the higher degree of success achieved in plant tissue culture experiments?

Q 27.

How can we improve the success rate of fertilisation during artificial insemination in animal husbandry programmes?

Q 28.

You are a Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake to release a new variety.

Q 29.

Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.

Q 30.

Discuss the importance of testing of new plant varieties in a geographically vast country like India.

Q 31.

If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures  would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

Q 32.

Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?

Q 33.

Why are plants obtained by protoplast culture called somatic hybrids?

Q 34.

Differentiate between pisciculture and aquaculture.

Q 35.

Discuss briefly how pure lines are created in animal husbandry.

Q 36.

What are the duties of a veterinary doctor in management of a poultry farm?

Q 37.

You are planning to set up a Dairy Farm. Describe the various aspects you would consider before you start the venture.

Q 38.

A farmer was facing the problem of low yield from his farm. He was advised to keep a beehive in the vicinity. Why? How would the beehive help in enhancing yield?

Q 39.

What are the advantages of tissue culture methods over conventional method of plant breeding in crop improvement programmes?

Q 40.

Find out the various components of the medium 12.used for propagation of an explant in vitro are ?

Q 41.

Give two important contributions of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan.

Q 42.

The culture medium (nutrient medium) can be referred to as a highly enriched laboratory soil'. Justify the statement.

Q 43.

What is aquaculture? Give example of an animal that can be multiplied by aquaculture.

Q 44.

Explain the concept of the Blue Revolution.

Q 45.

Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.

Q 46.

Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.

Q 47.

(a) The shift from grain to meat diets creates more demands for cereals. Why? (b) A250 kg cow produces 200 g of protein per day but 250 g of Methylophillus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein. Name this emerging area of research. Explain its benefits.

Q 48.

In the area of plant breeding, it is important not only to preserve the seeds of the variety being cultivated, but also to preserve all its wild relatives. Explain with a suitable example.

Q 49.

A person who is allergic to pulses was advised to take a capsule of Spirulina daily. Give the reasons for the advise.

Q 50.

What is meant by germplasm collection? What are its benefits?